Publication: The gender gap in the biological living standard in Spain. A study based on the heights of an elite migration to Mexico, 1840-1930
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2021-05
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Elsevier
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Abstract
This paper examines the evolution of the statures of Spanish male and female migrants who entered
Mexico between the mid-nineteenth and the mid-twentieth century. Using the information contained in
the National Registry of Foreigners created by the Mexican government, the paper also estimates the
evolution of the gap between male and female migrants’ heights. The inclusion of women and their
heights in the registry allows the estimation of both male and female heights and the analysis of their
evolution for a group of comparable individuals. The results show that Spanish migrants to Mexico grew
taller between 1840 and 1930, and also reveal their character as a highly qualified group, with heights
similar to those of the Latin-American elites and considerably higher than the statures of those who
remained in Spain. In the long term, the differences between men and women decreased from more than
10 cm in the cohorts born in the mid-nineteenth century, to around 8–9 centimetres in the early
twentieth century, coinciding with a period of profound economic and social transformations.
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Gender gap, Heights, Migrations
Bibliographic citation
Santiago-Caballero, C. (2021). The gender gap in the biological living standard in Spain. A study based on the heights of an elite migration to Mexico, 1840-1930. Economics & Human Biology, 41, p.100993