Publication: A Ecolarização em Portugal no principio dos anos 40: Uma análise quantitativa
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2021-12-01
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Ler História - Associação de Actividade Científica
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Abstract
Em 1940, o governo português aprovou um plano nacional de construção de escolas
primárias denominado “Plano dos Centenários” que projectava um aumento de 60% do
número de estabelecimentos de ensino primário. Através de uma análise estatística e após
uma exaustiva recolha de dados, identificam-se vários factos relativos à escolarização
em Portugal a nível geográfico, de género, e de tipo de escola à data do início do Plano
dos Centenários e descreve-se a distribuição das novas escolas primárias por distritos,
concelhos e freguesias prevista no plano. Em 1940, a distribuição de escolas e o aproveitamento
dos recursos escolares era muito desigual a nível geográfico, e existiam grandes
diferenças entre os géneros. O plano delineava uma maior expansão em termos relativos
nas áreas mais desfavorecidas do Sul e interior do país. Finalmente, utiliza-se o caso do
distrito de Évora para demostrar o atraso na execução do plano
In 1940, the Portuguese Government approved the denominated “Plano dos Centenários,” a massive plan of primary school construction all over the country. The plan projected a 60% increase in the number of primary schools. Based on a thorough data collection and statistical analysis, we establish several facts regarding the situation of formal education and schooling levels in Portugal prior to the beginning of the plan by region, gender and type of school, as well as provide a description of the plan’s strategy regarding the location of new schools. In 1940, the distribution of schools was uneven at the geographical level, and there were great gender differences in educational achievement. The plan involved a larger relative expansion of schools in the most disadvantaged areas of the country. Finally, we describe the delays in the plan’s execution in a particular example, the Évora region
En 1940, le gouvernement portugais a approuvé le «Plano dos Centenários»: un ambitieux projet de construction d’écoles primaires dans tout le pays. Le plan était décisif pour le pays car il prévoyait une augmentation de 60% du nombre d’écoles primaires. Grace a une base de données approfondie et une analyse statistique, nous établissons plusieurs faits concernant la place de l’éducation formelle et les niveaux de scolarisation au Portugal avant le début du plan, et ceci par région, sexe et type d’école. En 1940, la répartition des écoles était inégale au niveau géographique, et il y avait de grandes différences dans les résultats scolaires entre les sexes. Nous proposons une description de la stratégie d’implantation de nouvelles écoles du plan et, enfin, nous décrivons l’exécution du plan à l’aide de l’exemple particulier de la région d’Evora.
In 1940, the Portuguese Government approved the denominated “Plano dos Centenários,” a massive plan of primary school construction all over the country. The plan projected a 60% increase in the number of primary schools. Based on a thorough data collection and statistical analysis, we establish several facts regarding the situation of formal education and schooling levels in Portugal prior to the beginning of the plan by region, gender and type of school, as well as provide a description of the plan’s strategy regarding the location of new schools. In 1940, the distribution of schools was uneven at the geographical level, and there were great gender differences in educational achievement. The plan involved a larger relative expansion of schools in the most disadvantaged areas of the country. Finally, we describe the delays in the plan’s execution in a particular example, the Évora region
En 1940, le gouvernement portugais a approuvé le «Plano dos Centenários»: un ambitieux projet de construction d’écoles primaires dans tout le pays. Le plan était décisif pour le pays car il prévoyait une augmentation de 60% du nombre d’écoles primaires. Grace a une base de données approfondie et une analyse statistique, nous établissons plusieurs faits concernant la place de l’éducation formelle et les niveaux de scolarisation au Portugal avant le début du plan, et ceci par région, sexe et type d’école. En 1940, la répartition des écoles était inégale au niveau géographique, et il y avait de grandes différences dans les résultats scolaires entre les sexes. Nous proposons une description de la stratégie d’implantation de nouvelles écoles du plan et, enfin, nous décrivons l’exécution du plan à l’aide de l’exemple particulier de la région d’Evora.
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Keywords
Plano dos Centenários, Politique de l’éducation, Éducation, Estado Novo, Statistiques de l’éducation, Éducation, Portuguese education policy, Education statistics, Política de educação, Estatísticas da educação
Bibliographic citation
Gomes, Pedro and Machado, M. (2021) A escolarização em Portugal no princípio dos anos 40: uma análise quantitativa. Ler História (79), pp. 135-164.