Publication: Diseño optimizado de un metamaterial para absorción de energía por compresión esférica
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2019-10
Defense date
2019-10-17
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Abstract
Los materiales que combinan la capacidad de disipación de energía con una elevada ligereza son críticos en diversas aplicaciones comerciales como la industria electrónica, la automovilística, las técnicas de empaquetamiento, y todo tipo de sistemas de protección.
Este proyecto de investigación se centra en la maximización de la capacidad de absorción de energía de un metamaterial, es decir, un material artificial fabricado mediante ingeniería, sometido a un esfuerzo de compresión esférica. Se estudia el caso concreto de metamateriales microestructurados tipo lattice, que se caracterizan por estar definidos mediante la repetición de celdas unitarias, unidas unas a otras conformando una red tridimensional.
El objetivo del estudio es optimizar la geometría de una estructura lattice, para poder concluir cuales son los parámetros críticos en la maximización de la capacidad específica de absorción de energía por unidad de masa. Para obtener estos resultados se realizan las simulaciones de cuatro modelos diferentes de lattice, empleando un software de diseño basado en el método de cálculo de los elementos finitos, llamado ABAQUS.
El análisis de estos modelos muestra como se puede incrementar la capacidad de absorción de energía específica de una estructura, al realizar una extrusión creando una estructura hueca. Asimismo, expone un diseño con geometría cúbica centrada en el cuerpo, con el que se alcanza el máximo valor de capacidad de absorción de energía específica.
Finalmente se exponen posibles métodos de fabricación para metamateriales tipo lattice, presentando diferentes técnicas de fabricación aditiva, mediante las cuales se pueden obtener estas microestructuras.
Materials which present a high impact energy absorption efficiency despite their low weight, have multiple applications in industry, like building new protection systems for electronic devices, improving the efficiency of the automobility industry products, finding new packaging techniques, and multiple new methods of protection. This thesis focus on the maximization of the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) capacity of metamaterials, meaning an artificial material engineered to have new properties that are not found in natural materials, which are subjected to spherical compression. The project focus on the study of lattice metamaterials, which are formed by the combination of unitcells which form a final 3D microstructure. The aim of the study is to optimize the lattice microstructure, with the purpose of obtaining the critical parameters which determine the specific energy absorption capacity of the lattice. For obtaining this results the simulations of four lattice models are implemented using ABAQUS software, an application which allows the user to design and perform the calculations of a structure, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) of calculation. The study of these models shows how we can increase the SEA of an structure, by eliminating the interior material producing a hollow lattice. In addition, a Body Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice model is presented, enhancing a high specific energy absorption capacity. Finally, different manufacturing methods for lattice metamaterials are presented. Introducing multiple Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques
Materials which present a high impact energy absorption efficiency despite their low weight, have multiple applications in industry, like building new protection systems for electronic devices, improving the efficiency of the automobility industry products, finding new packaging techniques, and multiple new methods of protection. This thesis focus on the maximization of the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) capacity of metamaterials, meaning an artificial material engineered to have new properties that are not found in natural materials, which are subjected to spherical compression. The project focus on the study of lattice metamaterials, which are formed by the combination of unitcells which form a final 3D microstructure. The aim of the study is to optimize the lattice microstructure, with the purpose of obtaining the critical parameters which determine the specific energy absorption capacity of the lattice. For obtaining this results the simulations of four lattice models are implemented using ABAQUS software, an application which allows the user to design and perform the calculations of a structure, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) of calculation. The study of these models shows how we can increase the SEA of an structure, by eliminating the interior material producing a hollow lattice. In addition, a Body Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice model is presented, enhancing a high specific energy absorption capacity. Finally, different manufacturing methods for lattice metamaterials are presented. Introducing multiple Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques
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Keywords
Lattice, SEA (Specific Energy Absorption), Método de Elementos Finitos, Compresión esférica, Fabricación aditiva