Publication: Trail camera: cámara de vigilancia de animales en la naturaleza
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2019-09
Defense date
2019-10-10
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Abstract
Una Trail Camera es aquella cámara de video o sistema de cámaras de video instalados en la
naturaleza con el objetivo de capturar el comportamiento animal en su entorno natural con la
menor intervención humana. El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar una Trail Camera de bajo
coste, personalizable y ampliable.
El sistema consta de una placa Raspberry Pi, una webcam convencional para capturar el
movimiento, una cámara para capturar el comportamiento en alta calidad después de un
movimiento y un hub USB con el que transferir los ficheros de la cámara a la Raspberry Pi.
El proceso más importante del proyecto es la detección de movimiento. Éste debe ser rápido y
preciso para poder capturar el comportamiento del animal en el momento concreto. Este proyecto
utiliza la librería de procesamiento de imagen OpenCV. Esta librería analiza cada imagen
capturada por la webcam por un método de tratamiento de imágenes y comparación.
Una vez detectado el movimiento, para capturar el comportamiento del animal se utiliza una
cámara Sony con alta definición. Esta cámara dispone de una Interfaz de Programación o
Application Programming Interface (API) para su control. El acceso a esta API se realiza
mediante una conexión Wi-Fi. Las llamadas a las funcionalidades de la API se hacen mediante
HTTP POST con JSON.
Combinando los distintos componentes hardware y software descritos en los párrafos anteriores
se ha construido una Trail Camera de bajo coste que permite a su usuario personalizar y ampliar
las funcionalidades para adaptarlo a sus requisitos personales.
Trail Cameras are cameras or systems using cameras installed in nature which main objective is to capture animals’ behaviour in their natural area without any human intervention needed. The main purpose of this project is developing a low cost Trail Camera, customizable and that can be upgraded if desired. The components of the system to be developed are a Raspberry Pi board, a common webcam to detect motion, a camera to film the behaviour of the animal and a USB hub to move the video filmed and stored in the camera to the Raspberry PI. Motion detection is the most important part of the project. It must be done quickly and precisely so the animal’s behaviour can be recorded in the exact same moment it is taking place. OpenCV is the image processing library used for this task. It processes each image captured by the webcam and analyses and compares it with other frames. Once motion is detected, a Sony camera records what the animal is doing in high definition. The functions provided by this camera are accessed by an Application Programming Interface (API). This API is called by Wi-Fi and with the protocol HTTP POST and JSON text format. A low cost Trail Camera has been developed joining the hardware and software components described in the previous paragraphs, so the user of this system can custom and upgrade the functionalities of the project so it suits his/her personal interests.
Trail Cameras are cameras or systems using cameras installed in nature which main objective is to capture animals’ behaviour in their natural area without any human intervention needed. The main purpose of this project is developing a low cost Trail Camera, customizable and that can be upgraded if desired. The components of the system to be developed are a Raspberry Pi board, a common webcam to detect motion, a camera to film the behaviour of the animal and a USB hub to move the video filmed and stored in the camera to the Raspberry PI. Motion detection is the most important part of the project. It must be done quickly and precisely so the animal’s behaviour can be recorded in the exact same moment it is taking place. OpenCV is the image processing library used for this task. It processes each image captured by the webcam and analyses and compares it with other frames. Once motion is detected, a Sony camera records what the animal is doing in high definition. The functions provided by this camera are accessed by an Application Programming Interface (API). This API is called by Wi-Fi and with the protocol HTTP POST and JSON text format. A low cost Trail Camera has been developed joining the hardware and software components described in the previous paragraphs, so the user of this system can custom and upgrade the functionalities of the project so it suits his/her personal interests.
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Keywords
Trail Camera, Proceso de imágenes, Detección de movimiento, Application Programming Interface (API), Interfaces