Publication: Análisis termodinámico de una planta termoeléctrica de receptor central
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2019-03-08
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2019-03-08
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Abstract
El presente trabajo parte de una panorámica general de la situación climática y energética
global. El cambio climático y la dependencia energética a los combustibles fósiles exige planificar
adecuadamente transiciones ecológicas y energéticas en márgenes temporales estrechos. La tecnología
termosolar y los sistemas de almacenamiento térmico en las plantas termoeléctricas se presentan
como cuestiones clave a evaluar para lograr estos objetivos. En este trabajo hemos fijado un método
de análisis que consiste en: tomar un caso de referencia, obtener los datos meteorológicos, realizar
una simulación horaria en SAM y calcular los flujos y rendimientos energéticos y exergéticos a
partir de literatura de referencia y progración en MATLAB. Se han seleccionado los parámetros de
referencia de una central termoeléctrica de receptor central de 50 MW y 6 horas de almacenamiento
térmico ubicada en la provincia de Huelva. Introduciendo estos parámetros en SAM obtenemos las
variables horarias del funcionamiento de la planta con la que realizaremos los cálculos sobre flujos
y rendimientos.
Los resultados muestran como las mayores pérdidas exergéticas de producen en el campo de
helióstatos y en el receptor central. Mientras que las mayores pérdidas energéticas de producen
en el ciclo de potencia de la planta. Realizando un análisis de sensibilidad comprobamos como al
aumentar la capacidad de almacenamiento térmico aumentan los rendimientos energéticos en el
campo de helióstatos y en el receptor central, así como parámetros generales de funcionamiento
como, las horas totales de operación.
This work is based on a general overview of the global climate and energy situation. Climate change and energy dependence on fossil fuels require a propper planning of ecological and energy transitions in narrow time margins. Solar thermal energy and Thermal Energy Storage in Concentrated Solar Power plants are presented as key issues to evaluate in order to achieve these objectives. In this paper a method of analysis has been proposed. It consists of: choose a reference case, obtaining meteorological data, performing simulation on SAM and calculating both energy and exergy flows and efficiencies from reference literature and programming in MATLAB. We select reference parameters of a 50 MW central receiver concentrated solar power plant with 6 hours of Thermal Energy Storage located in the province of Huelva. Introducing these parameters in SAM we obtain the hourly data of the operation of the plant with which we will perform the calculations on flows and efficiencies. The results show how the greatest exergetic losses occur in the heliostat field and in the central receiver. While the greatest energy losses occur in the power cycle of the plant. By carrying out a sensitivity analysis, we can see how increasing the thermal storage capacity increases the energy efficiency in the heliostat field and in the central receiver, as well as general operating parameters, such as the plant full-load hours.
This work is based on a general overview of the global climate and energy situation. Climate change and energy dependence on fossil fuels require a propper planning of ecological and energy transitions in narrow time margins. Solar thermal energy and Thermal Energy Storage in Concentrated Solar Power plants are presented as key issues to evaluate in order to achieve these objectives. In this paper a method of analysis has been proposed. It consists of: choose a reference case, obtaining meteorological data, performing simulation on SAM and calculating both energy and exergy flows and efficiencies from reference literature and programming in MATLAB. We select reference parameters of a 50 MW central receiver concentrated solar power plant with 6 hours of Thermal Energy Storage located in the province of Huelva. Introducing these parameters in SAM we obtain the hourly data of the operation of the plant with which we will perform the calculations on flows and efficiencies. The results show how the greatest exergetic losses occur in the heliostat field and in the central receiver. While the greatest energy losses occur in the power cycle of the plant. By carrying out a sensitivity analysis, we can see how increasing the thermal storage capacity increases the energy efficiency in the heliostat field and in the central receiver, as well as general operating parameters, such as the plant full-load hours.
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Keywords
Energía termoeléctrica, Termodinámica, Plantas termoeléctricas, Medio ambiente, Simulación