Publication: Sistema de monitorización de constantes biomédicas
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2016-09
Defense date
2016-10-13
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Abstract
Este proyecto ha sido concebido a partir de la necesidad de crear un sistema de monitorización ambulatorio de constantes biomédicas, para complementar el proyecto “Modelo de predicción de migrañas” que está desarrollando el grupo GreenDISC de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) con el que colabora el Grupo de Displays y Aplicaciones Fotónicas (GDAF-UC3M) de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), y en el que también están implicadas la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) y la Unidad de Cefaleas del Hospital Universitario La Princesa.
Este modelo de predicción de migrañas requiere realizar una continua monitorización ambulatoria de constantes biométricas sobre pacientes que sufren de migraña. Esto implica que se han de medir una gran cantidad de variables durante un largo periodo de tiempo y de manera ininterrumpida, lo cual presenta diversas dificultades, sobre todo a la hora de que el paciente haga una vida normal. Dos de estas variables son el pulso cardiaco y la saturación en sangre, que se pueden sacar a partir de la señal fotopletismográfica. Actualmente estas se pueden medir con pulsioxímetros tradicionales tipo pinza o con electrodos cardiacos superficiales situados cerca del corazón. Ambos sistemas tienen los inconvenientes de la incomodidad de la pinza y las limitaciones de los electrodos, puesto que no son flexibles, se despegan fácilmente y limitan mucho las zonas donde pueden situarse.
Con este proyecto se pretende resolver estos problemas diseñando un pulsioxímetro wearable que resulte más cómodo para los pacientes, para ello se ha empleado un sistema óptico de reflexión. Además se ha diseñado y montado el sistema electrónico de acondicionamiento y amplificación de la señal, de modo que la misma sea fácilmente interpretable.
El prototipo experimental final es tal que se minimiza el tamaño y se monta sobre una printed circuit board (PCB) flexible. Esto hace que en un futuro, cuando se reciba la PCB cuya fabricación ya ha sido encargada, dicho sistema se pueda integrar en un parche, que pueda colocarse en el cuello o en el pecho, donde no resulte molesta y además se pueda obtener una buena señal de medida. Además un sistema software se ha implementado para captar la señal ya acondicionada y mostrar por pantalla parámetros interesantes, tales como la curva fotopletismográfica de pulso (PPG en sus siglas en inglés), el pulso cardiaco (HR) y la saturación de oxígeno en sangre (SpO2).
This project has been conceived in response to the need of creating an ambulatory monitoring system of biometric constants, to complement the “Modeling for Migraine Per-Patient Prediction from Ambulatory Data” project that is being developed by the GreenDISC group of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), in collaboration with of the Fotonic Displays and Applications Group (GDAF-UC3M) of the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), also working with the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and the Cephalea Unit of the La Princesa Hospital. This model of migraine prediction requires a non-stop ambulatory monitoring of biometric constants over patients suffering from migraine. In order to ensure the proper functioning of this monitoring, it will be necessary to measure a large amount of variables during a long period of time, presenting diverse difficulties, especially for the patient when he intends to develop his normal activities. Two of these variables are the heart rate and the oxygen saturation. Nowadays these variables can be measured with standard pin shaped pulse oximeters or with cardiac surface electrodes, but both of these systems have disadvantages of discomfort and limitations. The main goal for this project is to provide an effective solution for the previously stated problems by designing a wearable pulse oximeter through a reflective optic system, resulting in a more comfortable device for the patients. Additionally, the electronic system for the conditioning and amplification of the signal has been designed and assembled. The final prototype is conceived with the minimum size for a flexible printed circuit board, once received in the future this system could be integrated in a skin patch for the neck or chest area, where a good quality signal can be sensed. Finally, a software system has also been created to capture the signal after the conditioning and display the parameters of interest: the photoplethysmography signal, the heart rate, and the oxygen saturation.
This project has been conceived in response to the need of creating an ambulatory monitoring system of biometric constants, to complement the “Modeling for Migraine Per-Patient Prediction from Ambulatory Data” project that is being developed by the GreenDISC group of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), in collaboration with of the Fotonic Displays and Applications Group (GDAF-UC3M) of the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), also working with the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and the Cephalea Unit of the La Princesa Hospital. This model of migraine prediction requires a non-stop ambulatory monitoring of biometric constants over patients suffering from migraine. In order to ensure the proper functioning of this monitoring, it will be necessary to measure a large amount of variables during a long period of time, presenting diverse difficulties, especially for the patient when he intends to develop his normal activities. Two of these variables are the heart rate and the oxygen saturation. Nowadays these variables can be measured with standard pin shaped pulse oximeters or with cardiac surface electrodes, but both of these systems have disadvantages of discomfort and limitations. The main goal for this project is to provide an effective solution for the previously stated problems by designing a wearable pulse oximeter through a reflective optic system, resulting in a more comfortable device for the patients. Additionally, the electronic system for the conditioning and amplification of the signal has been designed and assembled. The final prototype is conceived with the minimum size for a flexible printed circuit board, once received in the future this system could be integrated in a skin patch for the neck or chest area, where a good quality signal can be sensed. Finally, a software system has also been created to capture the signal after the conditioning and display the parameters of interest: the photoplethysmography signal, the heart rate, and the oxygen saturation.
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Keywords
Sistema de monitorización ambulatorio de constantes biomédicas, Predicción de migrañas, Pulsioxímetro