Publication: Modelización de central termosolar para la generación de potencia eléctrica
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2014-07
Defense date
2014-07-14
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Abstract
La energía es el principio clave sobre el que se sustenta el crecimiento y la competitividad de una región. La sociedad actual, basada en la tecnología, necesita la energía tanto como el agua y los alimentos. Pero la obtención de la energía, tal y como se ha hecho hasta la actualidad, traerá consecuencias perjudiciales en un plazo más corto del esperado. Estas consecuencias son capaces, si no se tienen en cuenta, de alterar la vida hasta un punto de no retorno.
Asegurar un suministro fiable y precios energéticos estables, proteger el medio ambiente eliminando las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y alcanzar el desarrollo y la competitividad, son las premisas principales en las que se debe focalizar la producción de energía para eludir el problema energético y medioambiental que se prevé a corto plazo.
Está contrastada la viabilidad técnica de las energías renovables para cumplir con estos objetivos, y el desarrollo de este proyecto trata de mostrar dicha viabilidad a través de la descripción detallada del estado del arte de la tecnología.
La tecnología seleccionada es la concentración solar a través de colectores cilíndrico-parabólicos, que concentran la radiación normal directa en el foco de la parábola para aumentar la temperatura del aceite térmico. Este salto de temperaturas del aceite es aprovechado en un ciclo agua-vapor para conseguir potencia eléctrica.
Posteriormente a determinar los parámetros de operación, la selección de los elementos presentes en la planta y los estados termodinámicos del ciclo de agua-vapor, se procederá a simular el comportamiento de la potencia eléctrica generada a lo largo del día.
De esta manera se mostrará el gran desarrollo que ha adquirido la tecnología de las centrales solares termoeléctricas en las últimas décadas y el gran potencial que presentan. Este potencial las coloca en el futuro en una situación principal para contrarrestar el problema energético y medioambiental porque, en definitiva, la radiación solar es gratuita y el cambio en el modelo energético irá paralelo al cambio de esta mentalidad.
Energy is the principle key which sustains the growth and competitiveness of a region. Modern society is based on technology and it needs energy as much as water and food. Nevertheless, obtaining energy, as it has been done so far, will bring detrimental consequences in a shorter time than expected. These consequences are capable of altering the life to the point of no return, if not taken into account. The main premises on which energy production, to avoid the energy and environmental problems expected in a short term, should focus on are to ensure a reliable supply and stable energy prices, protect the environment by eliminating the emission of greenhouse gases and achieve development and competitiveness. The technical feasibility of renewable energy to meet these targets is proven, and the development of this project is going to show that viability through the detailed description of the current state of the technology. The selected technology is the solar concentration through parabolic trough collectors that concentrate the normal direct radiation at the focus of the parabola to increase the temperature of the thermal oil. This temperature difference is used in a water-steam cycle to produce electric power. It is going to proceed to simulate the behavior of the electrical power generated throughout the day after determining the operating parameters, the selection of the elements present in the plant and the thermodynamic states of water-steam cycle. Thus, it is going to show the huge development that the technology of solar thermal power plants has acquired in recent decades, as well as the great potential they have. This potential places them on a main situation to counter the energy and environmental problems in the future, because, definitely, solar radiation is free and the change of the energy model will go parallel to change this kind of mentality.
Energy is the principle key which sustains the growth and competitiveness of a region. Modern society is based on technology and it needs energy as much as water and food. Nevertheless, obtaining energy, as it has been done so far, will bring detrimental consequences in a shorter time than expected. These consequences are capable of altering the life to the point of no return, if not taken into account. The main premises on which energy production, to avoid the energy and environmental problems expected in a short term, should focus on are to ensure a reliable supply and stable energy prices, protect the environment by eliminating the emission of greenhouse gases and achieve development and competitiveness. The technical feasibility of renewable energy to meet these targets is proven, and the development of this project is going to show that viability through the detailed description of the current state of the technology. The selected technology is the solar concentration through parabolic trough collectors that concentrate the normal direct radiation at the focus of the parabola to increase the temperature of the thermal oil. This temperature difference is used in a water-steam cycle to produce electric power. It is going to proceed to simulate the behavior of the electrical power generated throughout the day after determining the operating parameters, the selection of the elements present in the plant and the thermodynamic states of water-steam cycle. Thus, it is going to show the huge development that the technology of solar thermal power plants has acquired in recent decades, as well as the great potential they have. This potential places them on a main situation to counter the energy and environmental problems in the future, because, definitely, solar radiation is free and the change of the energy model will go parallel to change this kind of mentality.
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Energías renovables, Centrales termosolares, Energía solar, Potencia eléctrica