Publication: Desarrollo de un entorno interactivo de visualización de alarmas para la operación de la red de distribución de energía eléctrica
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2014-07-15
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2014-07-15
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Abstract
El presente trabajo se enmarca dentro del contexto de la operación de la red de distribución de energía eléctrica. La red de distribución es la parte del sistema de suministro eléctrico cuya función es el suministro de energía desde la subestación de distribución, pasando por líneas de distribución y centros de transformación, hasta los usuarios finales.
Consecuentemente, el propósito principal de esta red es garantizar el suministro a usuarios finales, punto en el que aparece la labor de operación, es decir, la supervisión y control de la red de distribución de energía eléctrica por operadores humanos, desde salas de control. Un artefacto de control clave para llevar a cabo esta labor son las alarmas, percibidas por los operadores a través de representaciones visuales o visualizaciones. Su función principal es advertir a los operadores acerca de una condición que se desarrolla cuando el proceso de control se desvía significativamente del modo normal de operación.
Sin embargo, en numerosas ocasiones, estas visualizaciones resultan más una carga que una ayuda desplegando volúmenes ingentes de alarmas, lo cual ha sido conceptualizado como “alarm flooding” (“inundaciones de alarmas”). Antes estas situaciones, el operador no es capaz de procesar la información que recibe y por consiguiente, de tomar decisiones efectivas. Esta problemática puede desembocar en situaciones de operación problemáticas e incluso en apagones eléctricos los cuales poseen un impacto altamente negativo en la actividad socio-económica de un país.
La solución adoptada para la resolución de esta problemática en el presente trabajo fin de grado es un entorno interactivo de visualización de alarmas para la operación de la red de distribución de energía eléctrica. En concreto, las contribuciones de este proyecto consisten en un entorno que permite la exploración tanto de volúmenes pequeños de alarmas como de volúmenes grandes a través de los distintos elementos eléctricos que componen la infraestructura de red mediante una vista general de las alarmas registradas en la infraestructura de red a través de un mapa que permita situar espacialmente los elementos causantes de las incidencias, y un conjunto de vistas detalladas que están organizadas de acuerdo a los tres elementos eléctricos principales que componen esta red. Además, el entorno permite la extracción de tendencias espacio-temporales sobre las alarmas a fin de ayudar en la detección de problemas en la infraestructura de red mediante las vistas detalladas, que consisten en una serie de gráficos que muestran las alarmas de manera espacio-temporal, de los tres elementos eléctricos principales, a distintos niveles de detalle e interconectados entre ellos mediante técnicas de interacción.
This work is framed within the context of the electric distribution network operation. An electric distribution network is the part of the electric power system that delivers electric power from distribution substations, through distribution feeders and transformers to the end users or consumers. Consequently, the main purpose pursued by this network is to ensure the delivery of electricity to end users, which is supervised and controlled by electric power operators from control rooms. Within this context, alarms have become key control artifacts for carrying out this operation, which are presented to the operators through alarm system displays. The principal function of these alarm system displays is to warn operators about a condition that develops when the control process deviates significantly from the normal operation. However, in many cases, these displays are more a burden than help, displaying large volumes of alarms, which has been formally conceptualized as "alarm flooding". To these situations, the operator is not able to process all this alarm information, and therefore to make effective decisions. This problem can lead to problematic operating inefficiencies and even critical operating situations, which can have a highly negative impact on the socio- economic activity of a country. The adopted solution to solve this problem in this final thesis is an alarm interactive visualization environment for the electric distribution network operation. Specifically, the contribution of this project is an environment that enables the exploration of both small and large alarms volumes through distinct electrical elements of the network infrastructure with a general view of alarms registered in the infrastructure through a map that allows spatially locate elements causing incidents alarms, and a set of detailed views that are organized according to the three main electrical components of this network. In addition, the environment allows the extraction of spatial and temporal trends on alarms to help detecting problems in the network infrastructure by the detailed views, which are series of graphs showing the alarms in a space-time way, of the three main electrical elements at different levels of detail and interconnected by interaction techniques.
This work is framed within the context of the electric distribution network operation. An electric distribution network is the part of the electric power system that delivers electric power from distribution substations, through distribution feeders and transformers to the end users or consumers. Consequently, the main purpose pursued by this network is to ensure the delivery of electricity to end users, which is supervised and controlled by electric power operators from control rooms. Within this context, alarms have become key control artifacts for carrying out this operation, which are presented to the operators through alarm system displays. The principal function of these alarm system displays is to warn operators about a condition that develops when the control process deviates significantly from the normal operation. However, in many cases, these displays are more a burden than help, displaying large volumes of alarms, which has been formally conceptualized as "alarm flooding". To these situations, the operator is not able to process all this alarm information, and therefore to make effective decisions. This problem can lead to problematic operating inefficiencies and even critical operating situations, which can have a highly negative impact on the socio- economic activity of a country. The adopted solution to solve this problem in this final thesis is an alarm interactive visualization environment for the electric distribution network operation. Specifically, the contribution of this project is an environment that enables the exploration of both small and large alarms volumes through distinct electrical elements of the network infrastructure with a general view of alarms registered in the infrastructure through a map that allows spatially locate elements causing incidents alarms, and a set of detailed views that are organized according to the three main electrical components of this network. In addition, the environment allows the extraction of spatial and temporal trends on alarms to help detecting problems in the network infrastructure by the detailed views, which are series of graphs showing the alarms in a space-time way, of the three main electrical elements at different levels of detail and interconnected by interaction techniques.
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Keywords
Red de distribución de energía eléctrica., Gestión de alarmas, Mapa de incidencias