Publication: Análisis sísmico de presas de gravedad de hormigón
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2014-10
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2014-10-03
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Abstract
La presencia de grietas en una gran estructura, como puede ser una presa, es un aspecto clave el análisis de la integridad estructural de la misma. Otro factor importante es la estabilidad del sustrato sobre el que se encuentra situado, que puede ser alterado por distintos motivos, siendo uno de los más importantes las acciones sísmicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la combinación de ambas posibilidades. Mediante el uso de un modelo numérico implementado en un código comercial de elementos finitos, se analizará la respuesta de una presa de gravedad, la de Koyna, durante un terremoto en presencia de grietas en su estructura. Para ello, se dividirá el trabajo en tres grandes partes.
En primer lugar, se estudiará la situación final de la presa tras el terremoto, prestando atención en las partes dañadas y la forma de propagar el daño a lo largo de la estructura. El caso será validado al compararlo con un estudio previo de la misma presa.
En segundo lugar, se llevará a cabo un análisis paramétrico introduciendo grietas en la estructura. Además del daño, se estudiará el efecto de los parámetros de la fisura en el factor de intensidad de tensiones.
Por último, se realizará un nuevo estudio paramétrico, en este caso para distintas longitudes de sellado de la grieta. La finalidad es encontrar un compromiso entre la parte económica, tan importante en nuestros días, y la parte de la seguridad, factor de vital importancia al tratarse de una estructura de grandes dimensiones y cuyo fallo afectaría a miles de personas.
The presence of cracks in a big structure, such as a dam, is a key aspect of the structural integrity analysis thereof. Another important factor is the stability of te substrate on which is located, that can be altered for various reasons, and one of the most important is the seismic action. The aim of this work is to study the combination of both. By using a numerical model implemented in a commercial finite element code, the response of a gravity dam (Koyna dam) will be analyzed during an earthquake in the presence of cracks in the structure. To do this, the work is divided into three main parts. First, the final status of the dam following the earthquake will be studied, focusing on the damaged parts and how to spread the damage over the structure. The case will be validated by comparing it with a previous study of the same dam. Secondly, it will perform a parametric analysis introducing cracks in the structure. Besides the damage, the effect of the parameters of the crack in the stress intensity factor will be considered. Finally, a new parametric study was performed, in this case for sealing lengths of the crack. The purpose is to find a compromise between the economic part, that is so important nowadays, and the safety part, that is a really important factor, beacuse the failure of a big structure would affect thousands people.
The presence of cracks in a big structure, such as a dam, is a key aspect of the structural integrity analysis thereof. Another important factor is the stability of te substrate on which is located, that can be altered for various reasons, and one of the most important is the seismic action. The aim of this work is to study the combination of both. By using a numerical model implemented in a commercial finite element code, the response of a gravity dam (Koyna dam) will be analyzed during an earthquake in the presence of cracks in the structure. To do this, the work is divided into three main parts. First, the final status of the dam following the earthquake will be studied, focusing on the damaged parts and how to spread the damage over the structure. The case will be validated by comparing it with a previous study of the same dam. Secondly, it will perform a parametric analysis introducing cracks in the structure. Besides the damage, the effect of the parameters of the crack in the stress intensity factor will be considered. Finally, a new parametric study was performed, in this case for sealing lengths of the crack. The purpose is to find a compromise between the economic part, that is so important nowadays, and the safety part, that is a really important factor, beacuse the failure of a big structure would affect thousands people.
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Keywords
Análisis estructural, Presas de gravedad, Integridad esctructural, Fenómenos sísmicos