Publication: Análisis del potencial de una infraestructura ciber-física para telegestión de contadores inteligentes basada en software comercial
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2017-02
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2017-03-09
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Abstract
En la actualidad, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) están presentes en la mayoría de los sectores, siendo su uso fundamental para mejorar la productividad y eficiencia de cada uno de ellos. El sector energético no es una excepción y, por tanto, también está incluyendo de manera progresiva estas tecnologías a través de las denominadas redes inteligentes o Smart Grids. El presente TFG se centra en las infraestructuras de medición avanzadas (AMI o Advanced Metering Infrastructures), que permiten la comunicación bidireccional con los medidores (de consumo y/o generación) inteligentes, con todas las ventajas que ello conlleva tanto para la gestión de la red de distribución eléctrica como para los clientes.
De entre las tecnologías que se utilizan en la “última milla” (comunicación entre medidores inteligentes y concentradores de datos) de las mencionadas AMI destaca PLC (Power Line Communications), una tecnología muy atractiva para las distribuidoras eléctricas ya que permite utilizar el cableado eléctrico tradicional para fines comunicativos. Sin embargo, la red eléctrica no fue diseñada originalmente para la transmisión de datos, por lo que es un medio bastante hostil. A pesar de esto, las ventajas que ofrece a las distribuidoras y el buen rendimiento de los diferentes estándares PLC de banda estrecha (NB-PLC) hacen de ella una tecnología idónea para su utilización en este ámbito.
PRIME es un estándar de comunicaciones PLC de banda estrecha utilizado en dicha “última milla”. Se trata de un estándar con una amplia utilización en España y con una gran proyección internacional, promovido y desarrollado por la PRIME Alliance, liderada por Iberdrola y Gas Natural Fenosa.
Debido al desarrollo de las Smart Grids, la nueva definición de los sistemas de medición inteligentes ya no sólo se refiere a los contadores, sino también a los sistemas de telegestión, fundamentales para poder aprovechar todo el potencial que se deriva del inmenso volumen de datos disponible y de poder controlar cualquier dispositivo de la infraestructura de medición de manera remota. Una de las plataformas de telegestión existentes en el mercado es IRIS, desarrollada por STM Telecontrol, que ofrece numerosas posibilidades de telegestión y telemedida para concentradores y contadores PRIME.
La aparición de estas nuevas tecnologías, protocolos y plataformas tecnológicas hace que el sector eléctrico demande profesionales cualificados que sean capaces de aprovechar todo su potencial y de sacar el máximo rendimiento de ellas. El principal objetivo de este TFG es elaborar un manual de prácticas junto con su solucionario que permita obtener experiencia real sobre cómo funcionan las tecnologías y soluciones mencionadas anteriormente, con vistas a que pueda aprovecharse en alguna asignatura relacionada en el futuro. Para ello, se dispone de una infraestructura ciber-física, formada por dispositivos físicos y virtuales, totalmente telegestionable mediante IRIS. Este TFG se ha desarrollado en el Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, dentro del marco del proyecto OSIRIS (Optimización de la Supervisión Inteligente de la Red de Distribución), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y liderado por Unión Fenosa Distribución. (tercera distribuidora eléctrica de España en términos de número de contadores).
Nowadays, Information and Communication Technologies are present in almost every sector, being fundamental to improve the productivity and efficiency of each one of them. The energy sector is no exception and therefore is also progressively including these technologies through so-called Smart Grids. This TFG focuses on Advanced Metering infrastructures (AMI), which allow bidirectional communication with smart meters (consumption and/or generation), with all the advantages that it implies both for network management and for the clients. Between all of the technologies used in the “last mile” (communication between smart meters and data concentrators) of the mentioned AMI, it outstands PLC (Power Line Communications), a very attractive technology for electrical distributors since it allows the use of traditional electric wiring for communicative purposes. However, the power grid was not originally designed for data transmission, so it is a rather hostile environment. Despite this, the advantages offered to the distributors and the good performance of the different narrowband PLC (NB-PLC) standards makes it a suitable technology for use in this field. PRIME is a narrowband PLC communications standard used in the last mile. In Spain, it is a wide used standard and with a great international projection, promoted and developed by the PRIME Alliance, led by Iberdrola and Gas Natural Fenosa. Due to Smart Grids development, the new definition of smart metering systems no longer only refers to meters, but also to remote management systems, which are essential to take advantage of the potential derived from the huge volume of data available and being able to control any device of the metering infrastructure remotely. One of the existing remote management platforms on the market is IRIS, developed by STM Telecontrol, which offers numerous remote management and metering options for PRIME Smart Meters and concentrators. The emergence of this new technologies, protocols and technological platforms makes it possible that the electrical sector demands highly skilled professionals who are able to leverage all of their potential and to get the maximum performance of them. The main goal of this TFG is to elaborate a lab manual along with its corresponding set of solutions which allows obtaining real experience about how technologies and solutions mentioned above actually work, with views that this manual can be exploited in a future related subject. For this, it is available a cyber-physical infrastructure consisting of both physical and virtual devices fully remotely manageable with IRIS. This TFG has been developed in the Department of Telematics Engineering of Carlos III University, within the scope of OSIRIS research project, financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and led by Unión Fenosa Distribución (third electrical distributor of Spain in terms of number of meters).
Nowadays, Information and Communication Technologies are present in almost every sector, being fundamental to improve the productivity and efficiency of each one of them. The energy sector is no exception and therefore is also progressively including these technologies through so-called Smart Grids. This TFG focuses on Advanced Metering infrastructures (AMI), which allow bidirectional communication with smart meters (consumption and/or generation), with all the advantages that it implies both for network management and for the clients. Between all of the technologies used in the “last mile” (communication between smart meters and data concentrators) of the mentioned AMI, it outstands PLC (Power Line Communications), a very attractive technology for electrical distributors since it allows the use of traditional electric wiring for communicative purposes. However, the power grid was not originally designed for data transmission, so it is a rather hostile environment. Despite this, the advantages offered to the distributors and the good performance of the different narrowband PLC (NB-PLC) standards makes it a suitable technology for use in this field. PRIME is a narrowband PLC communications standard used in the last mile. In Spain, it is a wide used standard and with a great international projection, promoted and developed by the PRIME Alliance, led by Iberdrola and Gas Natural Fenosa. Due to Smart Grids development, the new definition of smart metering systems no longer only refers to meters, but also to remote management systems, which are essential to take advantage of the potential derived from the huge volume of data available and being able to control any device of the metering infrastructure remotely. One of the existing remote management platforms on the market is IRIS, developed by STM Telecontrol, which offers numerous remote management and metering options for PRIME Smart Meters and concentrators. The emergence of this new technologies, protocols and technological platforms makes it possible that the electrical sector demands highly skilled professionals who are able to leverage all of their potential and to get the maximum performance of them. The main goal of this TFG is to elaborate a lab manual along with its corresponding set of solutions which allows obtaining real experience about how technologies and solutions mentioned above actually work, with views that this manual can be exploited in a future related subject. For this, it is available a cyber-physical infrastructure consisting of both physical and virtual devices fully remotely manageable with IRIS. This TFG has been developed in the Department of Telematics Engineering of Carlos III University, within the scope of OSIRIS research project, financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and led by Unión Fenosa Distribución (third electrical distributor of Spain in terms of number of meters).
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Keywords
Comunicaciones PLC de banda estrecha (NB-PLC), Concentrador de datos, DLMS/COSEM, Smart grids, Radiocomunicación, Contador inteligente (Smart Meter)