Publication: Monitorización de la calidad del ambiente mediante una red de sensores inalámbrica
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2014-09
Defense date
2014-10-09
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Abstract
Este Trabajo Fin de Grado se centra en el conocimiento y uso de tres tecnologías clave, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Cities y las redes de sensores inalámbricas (Wireless Sensor Networks).
En este proyecto se construye un sistema que permite la monitorización de los diferentes contaminantes que se encuentran en el ambiente de un área concreto, para determinar si las condiciones de salubridad en la que se encuentran las personas de dicho área son adecuadas o no. Para ello, el estudio se ha centrado principalmente en la monitorización de un subconjunto de contaminantes físicos y químicos que pueden ser medidos por tener los recursos (sensores) apropiados para ello (aunque existen otros contaminantes que también afectan a la salud de las personas y que no han sido analizados en el presente documento). Sin embargo, los contaminantes químicos y físicos estudiados son suficientes para establecer un diagnóstico sobre la calidad del aire.
El sistema a construir consta de tres partes. La primera, instalada en los nodos sensores, monitoriza los distintos contaminantes del ambiente de la sala y enviará dicha información a través de la red hasta el nodo gateway. La segunda, es el propio nodo gateway en el que se ha establecido la configuración apropiada, como por ejemplo el canal de comunicación, aspectos de seguridad y otras medidas propias de configuración que sirven para que el nodo gateway reciba la información de los nodos sensores y la transmita a la estación base a la que se encuentra conectada. La tercera, instalada en la estación base, permitirá visualizar y almacenar toda la información proveniente de la red de sensores para su posterior estudio.
Se ha realizado el estudio de las baterías que usan los nodos sensores para funcionar, a fin de implementar nuevas mejoras que permitan reducir el nivel de consumo de las mismas y por consiguiente alargar el tiempo de vida de estos dispositivos. Además, se ha tenido presente en todo momento que el sistema diseñado está destinado a crecer por lo que se ha creado la base sobre la que se asentarán las futuras implementaciones que se realicen en la red.
This Final Degree Project focuses on the knowledge and use of three key technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Cities and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this project we are interested in building a system able to monitor several pollutants that may appear within a specific area and detect situations of unhealthiness for people living in that area. For so doing the research has centered mainly in the monitoring of a set of physical and chemical pollutants that can be measured or tested by using suitable sensors (despite the fact that other sort of pollutants may affect people’s health, they have not been treated here because we do not have in our laboratory the appropriate sensors). Nevertheless those physical and chemical pollutants analysed are sufficient to determine a diagnose on the environment quality. The building of the system consists of three main parts. The first part consists in configuring and programming the sets of the sensors supposed to gather information over the different pollutants in the room-environment and to pass the data collected through the network towards the node gateway. The second part is to establish the suitable configuration placed itself in the gateway, as for instance the communication channel, security aspects and any other steps in order to allow the node gateway the transmission to the base station -to which it is connected- of all the data received from the sensors nodes. The third part implements the behavior for the base station, which allow the visualising and storing of all the data collected by the network of sensors for further consideration. The implementation also considers the efficient use of the batteries of the sensor nodes, and, on the other hand, the use of improvements that deal with the energy consumption and that provide a long-lasting usage of these devices. The system has always been conceived on the basis of scalability, to enable that the network may continue growing, so, a solid base has been created to support all new implementations that are supposed to occur in the network.
This Final Degree Project focuses on the knowledge and use of three key technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Cities and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this project we are interested in building a system able to monitor several pollutants that may appear within a specific area and detect situations of unhealthiness for people living in that area. For so doing the research has centered mainly in the monitoring of a set of physical and chemical pollutants that can be measured or tested by using suitable sensors (despite the fact that other sort of pollutants may affect people’s health, they have not been treated here because we do not have in our laboratory the appropriate sensors). Nevertheless those physical and chemical pollutants analysed are sufficient to determine a diagnose on the environment quality. The building of the system consists of three main parts. The first part consists in configuring and programming the sets of the sensors supposed to gather information over the different pollutants in the room-environment and to pass the data collected through the network towards the node gateway. The second part is to establish the suitable configuration placed itself in the gateway, as for instance the communication channel, security aspects and any other steps in order to allow the node gateway the transmission to the base station -to which it is connected- of all the data received from the sensors nodes. The third part implements the behavior for the base station, which allow the visualising and storing of all the data collected by the network of sensors for further consideration. The implementation also considers the efficient use of the batteries of the sensor nodes, and, on the other hand, the use of improvements that deal with the energy consumption and that provide a long-lasting usage of these devices. The system has always been conceived on the basis of scalability, to enable that the network may continue growing, so, a solid base has been created to support all new implementations that are supposed to occur in the network.
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Keywords
Medio ambiente, Redes de sensores inalámbricas, Internet de las cosas, Smart cities, Calidad medioambiental