Publication: De la igualdad formal a la igualdad material. Cuestiones previas y problemas a revisar
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2017-01
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Derechos Humanos Bartolomé de las Casas; Dykinson
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Abstract
La idea de igualdad, tal y como se ha configurado en las sociedades modernas,
tiene dos caras o dimensiones. Una es jurídico-formal; la otra es material. La
primera es la que se ha impuesto en nuestros sistemas normativos y se configura
como un derecho subjetivo de todos los ciudadanos frente al Estado. Sin
embargo, esta dimensión formal de la igualdad reduce el problema de la efectividad
de los derechos, a una consideración de eficiencia normativa y los aísla
del resto de dimensiones de la realidad, incluidas las condiciones materiales que
permiten alcanzarla. La segunda, en cambio, responde a esa necesidad histórica
de que “los seres humanos” puedan “existir”, con condiciones materiales de posibilidad,
es decir, para que puedan seguir haciéndolo. Desde esta perspectiva,
para lo que nos interesa aquí, partiendo de la base de que jurídicamente no se
acaba de dar una respuesta satisfactoria al problema de la igualdad, pretendemos
deletrear aquí algunas de las vías para superar el estancamiento de la idea
de igualdad en los sistemas democráticos occidentales, para arriesgar después
caminos y algunas respuestas.
The idea of equality, as established in modern society, has got two different aspects or dimensions: the legal-formal and the material aspects. That first one has prevailed in our normative systems and it is considered as a subjective right for all the citizens in the face of the State. However, this formal dimension of equality reduces the problem of the effectiveness of the rights to a consideration of normative efficiency, and it isolates them from reality, including the material conditions that make get it. The second dimension gives an answer to the historical necessity that “human beings” can “exist” with material conditions of possibility. Since legally no answer has been given to the problem of equality, in this article I will try to show some procedures to overcome the stagnation of the idea of equality in the western democratic systems, as well as some answers.
The idea of equality, as established in modern society, has got two different aspects or dimensions: the legal-formal and the material aspects. That first one has prevailed in our normative systems and it is considered as a subjective right for all the citizens in the face of the State. However, this formal dimension of equality reduces the problem of the effectiveness of the rights to a consideration of normative efficiency, and it isolates them from reality, including the material conditions that make get it. The second dimension gives an answer to the historical necessity that “human beings” can “exist” with material conditions of possibility. Since legally no answer has been given to the problem of equality, in this article I will try to show some procedures to overcome the stagnation of the idea of equality in the western democratic systems, as well as some answers.
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Igualdad, Materialismo, Democracia, Justicia social, Pluriidentidad, Derechos humanos, Equality, Materialism, Democracy, Social justice, Multiidentity, Human rights
Bibliographic citation
Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, enero 2017, n. 36, pp. 55-89