Publication: Humanismo renacentista, razón universal y sociedad humana en el pensamiento jurídico de Francisco de Vitoria
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2016-01
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Derechos Humanos Bartolomé de las Casas; Dykinson
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Abstract
El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de tres de los aspectos (ético, jurídico
y político) más originales y representativos del pensamiento de Francisco de
Vitoria (circa 1483-1546). El primero de esos aspectos nos lleva a reconocer
la originalidad del fundador de la Escuela de Salamanca al demostrar que es
posible fusionar la doctrina neotomista con el humanismo renacentista. En segundo
lugar, desde un punto de vista jurídico, nuestro autor se adscribe a la
corriente iusnaturalista racionalista de raíz estoico-ciceroniana aunque, lejos
de asumir una posición teórica equidistante respecto a los dilemas morales y los
retos que afectan a los juristas de su época, Vitoria se pronuncia respecto a la
problemática de su tiempo con una actitud de compromiso moral e intelectual
genuinamente iusfilósofica. Por último, en tercer lugar, en sentido político la
principal aportación vitoriana consiste en haber concebido la idea del ius communicationis
como un concepto fundado en los principales valores del humanismo
cosmopolita que se orienta a la constitución de una sociedad humana
universal.
This article focuses on the study of three of the most original and representative aspects (ethical, legal and political) of Francisco de Vitoria’s thinking (circa 1483-1546). The first of these aspects leads us to acknowledge the originality of the founder of the School of Salamanca in having demonstrated that it is possible to blend the Neo-Thomist doctrine with Renaissance humanism. In the second place, from a legal perspective, Vitoria belongs to the rationalist natural law trend rooted in Cicero’s Stoicism although, far from assuming a halfway theoretical position regarding the moral dilemmas and challenges posed to the lawyers of his time, Vitoria takes a stance with regard to the questions of his time with an attitude of moral and intellectual commitment which is genuinely of a legal philosophy nature. In the third place, in a political sense the main Vitorian contribution consists of having conceived of the idea of the ius communicationis as a concept based on the chief values of the cosmopolitan humanism directed to the constitution of a universal human society.
This article focuses on the study of three of the most original and representative aspects (ethical, legal and political) of Francisco de Vitoria’s thinking (circa 1483-1546). The first of these aspects leads us to acknowledge the originality of the founder of the School of Salamanca in having demonstrated that it is possible to blend the Neo-Thomist doctrine with Renaissance humanism. In the second place, from a legal perspective, Vitoria belongs to the rationalist natural law trend rooted in Cicero’s Stoicism although, far from assuming a halfway theoretical position regarding the moral dilemmas and challenges posed to the lawyers of his time, Vitoria takes a stance with regard to the questions of his time with an attitude of moral and intellectual commitment which is genuinely of a legal philosophy nature. In the third place, in a political sense the main Vitorian contribution consists of having conceived of the idea of the ius communicationis as a concept based on the chief values of the cosmopolitan humanism directed to the constitution of a universal human society.
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Humanismo renacentista, Derecho natural racional, Humanismo cosmopolita, Sociedad humana universal, Renaissance humanism, Rationalist natural law, Cosmopolitan humanism, Universal human society
Bibliographic citation
Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, enero 2016, n. 34, pp. 91-114