Publication: Diseño optimizado de elementos estructurales para absorción de energía en choques: viga biapoyada sometida a flexión
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2015-06
Defense date
2015-07-03
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Abstract
El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el estudio y optimización frente a
impacto de elementos estructurales para absorción de energía. Para ello se simula
mediante el software Abaqus una viga biapoyada sometida a carga de flexión
dinámica.
Este tipo de estructuras se utilizan como sistemas de seguridad pasivos en
medios de transporte, para reducir la peligrosidad del accidente. Trabajan
absorbiendo la energía cinética derivada del choque mediante deformación. Dicha
deformación se debe dar de forma controlada.
Se han determinado las características que presenta el proceso de colisión,
así como las propiedades que debe poseer el material del que se fabrican este tipo
de estructuras. Mediante el método de los elementos finitos se han establecido las
ecuaciones con las que se resuelve el choque.
El proceso de optimización se divide en seis tipos de secciones: cuadrada,
rectangular, triangular, circular, doble T y sándwich. Se mejoran todas ellas para que
sean válidas como elementos estructurales para absorción de energía de forma
segura. Para que trabajen de forma segura es necesario que los valores del
desplazamiento vertical sean bajos. Las reacciones en los apoyos también se deben
mantener en valores bajos y constantes.
The aim of the project is to study and optimize structural elements under impact for energy absorption. For this purpose, it’s simulated by the software Abaqus one beam on two supports subjected to dynamic bending load. Such structures are used as passive safety systems in vehicles to reduce the accident hazard. They work by absorbing the kinetic energy from the crash by plastic deformation. This deformation must be given in a controlled manner. It has been determined the characteristics presented by the collision process and the properties must possess the material from which these structures are manufactured. Using the finite element method, the equations have been established with the impact is resolved. The optimization process is divided into six types of sections: square, rectangular, triangular, circular, double T and sandwich. All are improved to be valid as structural elements for energy absorption safely. To work safely is necessary that the vertical displacement values remain low. The support reactions should also be kept at a low and constant values.
The aim of the project is to study and optimize structural elements under impact for energy absorption. For this purpose, it’s simulated by the software Abaqus one beam on two supports subjected to dynamic bending load. Such structures are used as passive safety systems in vehicles to reduce the accident hazard. They work by absorbing the kinetic energy from the crash by plastic deformation. This deformation must be given in a controlled manner. It has been determined the characteristics presented by the collision process and the properties must possess the material from which these structures are manufactured. Using the finite element method, the equations have been established with the impact is resolved. The optimization process is divided into six types of sections: square, rectangular, triangular, circular, double T and sandwich. All are improved to be valid as structural elements for energy absorption safely. To work safely is necessary that the vertical displacement values remain low. The support reactions should also be kept at a low and constant values.
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Mecánica de sólidos, Resistencia de materiales, Resistencia a los impactos, Elementos estructurales, ABAQUS (Programa de aplicación), Absorción de energía