Publication: Análisis y estudio de central de CLC en ciclo combinado
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2015-02
Defense date
2015-03-12
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Abstract
Existen pruebas de un aumento en la temperatura media anual en la superficie de la Tierra en los últimos 200 años (Halmann y Steinberg, 2000) debido a los gases de efecto invernadero, siendo el principal responsable el CO₂. De acuerdo con el análisis realizado por el IPCC y IEA, la captura y almacenamiento de CO₂ podría ser responsable de la reducción en un 19% de las emisiones totales de CO₂, suficiente para estabilizar el clima durante este siglo a un costo razonable. Este aspecto es importante, ya que los combustibles fósiles satisfarán la generación del 80% de la energía del siglo XXI y no hay sustitos para su uso en un futuro cercano. Esto, junto con la reducción de las emisiones de CO₂ mundiales, hacen que la captura de CO₂, sean un conjunto de tecnologías muy atractivas, además de suplir las carencias actuales de las energías renovables.
El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la viabilidad y adaptación, a partir de los resultados obtenidos mediante la herramienta “Cyclepad”, de un central de ciclo combinado con esta tecnología. Para el ciclo Rankine, se tomó como referencia un ciclo con gastos másicos, presiones y temperaturas conocidas. Se intentó modelizar el ciclo de CLC para adaptarlo a este Rankine, pero finalmente hubo que modificar parámetros de ambos ciclos para permitir la integración de ambos.
La plante estudiada emplea como portador de oxígeno el cobre con un soporte de alúmina (𝛾−Al₂O₃). Este portador tiene un gran número de horas de trabajo y no es perjudicial para la salud y el medio ambiente. Para el ciclo CLC las temperaturas del reactor de aire es de 950°C y en el combustible es 900°C y se ha empleado una turbina adicional de CO₂ para expandir éste a la salida del reactor de combustible y mejorar el rendimiento. Para el ciclo Rankine se ha utilizado un ciclo con dos niveles de presión.La eficiencia térmica de la planta es de 37’03% y la potencia neta es de 141’810 MW.
There is now evidence of an increase in the average temperature on the surface of the Earth in the past 200 years (Halmann and Steinberg, 2000) due to greenhouse gases, being CO₂ the main responsible of this. According to the analysis made by the IPCC and IEA, the CO₂ capture and storage could be responsible to reduce 19% of total CO₂ emissions, enough to stabilize the climate during this century at a reasonable cost. This is important, because the fossil fuel generation satisfy 80% of the energy of the century, and no replacers for use in a near future. This, along with reducing global CO₂ emissions, makes theCO₂ catch a set of very attractive technologies in addition to meeting the current shortcomings of renewable energy. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility and adaptation, based on the results obtained by the "Cyclepad" software, of a combined cycle plant with this technology. For the Rankine, a reference cycle is taken with mass flow rates, pressures and temperatures known. Attempted to model CLC cycle to suit this Rankine, but eventually was necessary to modify parameters of both cycles to allow integration of both. The plant employs as oxygen carrier copper with an alumina (𝛾−Al₂O₃).. This carrier has a large number of working hours and is not harmful to health and the environment. CLC cycle has fixed for air reactor a temperature of 950°C and fuel reactor 900°C and has been used an additional CO₂ turbine to expand the outlet stream of the reactor fuel and improve performance. Rankine cycle use two pressure levels.The plant thermal efficiency is 37'03% and the net power is 141'810 MW.
There is now evidence of an increase in the average temperature on the surface of the Earth in the past 200 years (Halmann and Steinberg, 2000) due to greenhouse gases, being CO₂ the main responsible of this. According to the analysis made by the IPCC and IEA, the CO₂ capture and storage could be responsible to reduce 19% of total CO₂ emissions, enough to stabilize the climate during this century at a reasonable cost. This is important, because the fossil fuel generation satisfy 80% of the energy of the century, and no replacers for use in a near future. This, along with reducing global CO₂ emissions, makes theCO₂ catch a set of very attractive technologies in addition to meeting the current shortcomings of renewable energy. The aim of this work is to study the feasibility and adaptation, based on the results obtained by the "Cyclepad" software, of a combined cycle plant with this technology. For the Rankine, a reference cycle is taken with mass flow rates, pressures and temperatures known. Attempted to model CLC cycle to suit this Rankine, but eventually was necessary to modify parameters of both cycles to allow integration of both. The plant employs as oxygen carrier copper with an alumina (𝛾−Al₂O₃).. This carrier has a large number of working hours and is not harmful to health and the environment. CLC cycle has fixed for air reactor a temperature of 950°C and fuel reactor 900°C and has been used an additional CO₂ turbine to expand the outlet stream of the reactor fuel and improve performance. Rankine cycle use two pressure levels.The plant thermal efficiency is 37'03% and the net power is 141'810 MW.
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Centrales de ciclo combinado, Chemical looping combustion, CLC, Simulación, Cyclepad