Publication: Competir en los mercados internacionales. Altos Hornos de Vizcaya, 1882-1936
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2003
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Marcial Pons : Centro de Estudios Políticos : Fundación Caja Madrid
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El propósito de este trabajo es el de proporcionar un análisis comparativo
de la actuación empresarial productiva de la moderna industria siderúrgica
española desde sus inicios hasta la Guerra Civil Española. Se estudian tres
aspectos: en qué medida la industria tuvo el potencial para competir en los
mercados mundiales, si las fábricas aplicaron las innovaciones que podrían
haber reestablecido o mantenido su competitividad e identificar los elementos
que limitaban o incrementaban la competitividad de sus productos en el exterior.
El estudio muestra una «ventaja revelada» de los productos intensivos
en mineral de hierro. Parte de la ventaja comparativa provenía de contratos
preferenciales de suministro de mineral. A su vez, estos contratos eran limitados
e introducían unos fuertes incentivos para no aumentar la escala de
producción. El origen de la captación de los mercados nacionales por parte
de la empresa dominante. Altos Hornos de Vizcaya, podría residir en esta
limitación. Los elevados beneficios que aportaban, por un lado, la cartelización
del sector y, por otro lado, el generoso margen de beneficio que implicaba
producir dentro de la escala de los contratos preferenciales de mineral, dan
una explicación alternativa a la actuación de la siderurgia española en este
periodo.
This article presents a comparative analysis of the productive performance of the modern Spanish iron and steel industry botn its origins up to the Spanish Civil War. Three aspects are examined: the extent to which the industry had the potential to compete in world markets, whether or not Spanish mills applied new technologies to re-establish or maintain their competitivity and which elements limited or increased the advantage of their products. The analysis shows a revealed advantage in products intensive in iron ore. Part of this advantage can be traced back to preferential ore supply contracts. The limits to these preferential contracts introduced incentives for maintaining the reduced scale of Spanish installations. The attempt to gain control over home markets on behalf of Altos Hornos de Vizcaya may be related to these contractual limitations. The high profits reaped through the cartelisation of the industry and the wide margin of benefit obtained by producing within the scale of the preferential ore supply contracts provide an alternative explanation for the industry's performance in the period.
This article presents a comparative analysis of the productive performance of the modern Spanish iron and steel industry botn its origins up to the Spanish Civil War. Three aspects are examined: the extent to which the industry had the potential to compete in world markets, whether or not Spanish mills applied new technologies to re-establish or maintain their competitivity and which elements limited or increased the advantage of their products. The analysis shows a revealed advantage in products intensive in iron ore. Part of this advantage can be traced back to preferential ore supply contracts. The limits to these preferential contracts introduced incentives for maintaining the reduced scale of Spanish installations. The attempt to gain control over home markets on behalf of Altos Hornos de Vizcaya may be related to these contractual limitations. The high profits reaped through the cartelisation of the industry and the wide margin of benefit obtained by producing within the scale of the preferential ore supply contracts provide an alternative explanation for the industry's performance in the period.
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Revista de Historia Económica Año XXI primavera-verano 2003 n. 2 p. 335--372