Publication: Diseño de etapa de amplificación para detector de descargas parciales
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2021
Defense date
2021-09-30
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Abstract
En este trabajo se ha abordado el diseño y fabricación de una etapa de amplificación en una placa de circuito impreso (PCB) para mejorar la sensibilidad de un sensor inductivo de tipo lazo (ILS), encargado de detectar descargas parciales (DPs). Con los requisitos iniciales de aumentar la ganancia a 20 dB en un rango de frecuencias entre 100 kHz y 1 MHz, se ha diseñado y simulado un circuito que consta de una etapa de amplificación y otra etapa de filtrado.
Tras el modelado de la PCB y su fabricación, se llevaron a cabo en el laboratorio las medidas experimentales precisas para comprobar, en primera instancia, que el funcionamiento de la placa era el esperado según los cálculos teóricos y la simulación.
Después se propusieron dos configuraciones para estudio final del circuito, la primera trataba del sensor inductivo en solitario y la segunda del sensor inductivo con la PCB acoplada. De esta manera se pudo comparar el rendimiento del sensor en ambas configuraciones, superando los requisitos impuestos inicialmente con la segunda configuración.
Por último, haciendo uso de un calibrador, que inyecta unos pulsos de frecuencia estandarizados en cuanto a magnitud y duración, y se comprobó que el funcionamiento de ambas configuraciones para la detección de descargas parciales es correcto. En cuanto al sensor en solitario se consiguieron los resultados esperados mientras que la segunda configuración, el sensor y la PCB, tienen un comportamiento mejor a la primera, aumentando la sensibilidad del sensor permitiendo detectar pulsos provenientes del calibrador con cargas bajas (20 pC) que el sensor en solitario no conseguía detectar.
This work has addressed the design and manufacture of an amplification stage printed on a circuit board (PCB) to improve the sensitivity of an inductive loop sensor (ILS), responsible for the detection of partial discharges (PDs). With the initial requirements of increasing the gain to 20 dB in a frequency range between 100 kHz and 1 MHz, a circuit consisting of an amplification stage and a filtering stage has been designed and simulated. After modelling and manufacturing the PCB, in the laboratory were carried out the precise experimental measurements to verify, in the first instance, that the operation of the board was as expected accordingly to the theoretical calculations and the simulation. Two configurations were proposed for studying the complete behaviour of the circuit, the first dealing with the inductive sensor alone and the second with the inductive sensor with the PCB attached. The sensor´s performance in both configurations could be compared, exceeding the requirements initially imposed for the second configuration. Finally, using a calibrator, which injects standardized frequency pulses in terms of magnitude and duration, it was verified that the operation of both configurations for the detection of partial discharges was correct. As for the sensor alone, the expected results were achieved while the second configuration, the sensor and the PCB, had a better behaviour than the first, increasing the sensor´s sensitivity allowing the detection of pulses from the calibrator with lower charge magnitudes (20 pC) that the sensor alone could not detect.
This work has addressed the design and manufacture of an amplification stage printed on a circuit board (PCB) to improve the sensitivity of an inductive loop sensor (ILS), responsible for the detection of partial discharges (PDs). With the initial requirements of increasing the gain to 20 dB in a frequency range between 100 kHz and 1 MHz, a circuit consisting of an amplification stage and a filtering stage has been designed and simulated. After modelling and manufacturing the PCB, in the laboratory were carried out the precise experimental measurements to verify, in the first instance, that the operation of the board was as expected accordingly to the theoretical calculations and the simulation. Two configurations were proposed for studying the complete behaviour of the circuit, the first dealing with the inductive sensor alone and the second with the inductive sensor with the PCB attached. The sensor´s performance in both configurations could be compared, exceeding the requirements initially imposed for the second configuration. Finally, using a calibrator, which injects standardized frequency pulses in terms of magnitude and duration, it was verified that the operation of both configurations for the detection of partial discharges was correct. As for the sensor alone, the expected results were achieved while the second configuration, the sensor and the PCB, had a better behaviour than the first, increasing the sensor´s sensitivity allowing the detection of pulses from the calibrator with lower charge magnitudes (20 pC) that the sensor alone could not detect.
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Keywords
Circuitos impresos, Placa de circuito impreso (PCB), Sensores, Descargas parciales