Publication: Dies a quo para el ejercicio de la acción de anulación por error en el consentimiento. Aplicación de la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo a casos concretos
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2020-07
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Notyreg Hispania
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Abstract
El artículo 1.301 C.c. establece el momento de consumación del contrato como dies a quo para el ejercicio de la acción de anulación de un contrato por error en el consentimiento. La consumación del contrato se produce cuando se han cumplido completamente las prestaciones o realizado las obligaciones derivadas del mismo. Esta regla no había sido cuestionada hasta que, en el año 2015, el Tribunal Supremo hizo una nueva interpretación del artículo 1.301 C.c. para el caso de contratos bancarios o financieros complejos, estableciendo como doctrina que, en esos casos, la consumación del contrato a los efectos de determinar dicho dies a quo no podía quedar fijada antes de que se tenga conocimiento del error, lo cual sucede cuando se produce un evento que permita conocer las características y riesgos del contrato. A partir de ese momento surgieron dudas sobre el ámbito y aplicación de esa nueva doctrina de tan importante alcance práctico dadas las innumerables demandas de anulación de contratos por error en el consentimiento que llegan a nuestros tribunales en los últimos años; doctrina que, además, ha sido aclarada y modificada en sentencias posteriores. En este trabajo estudiamos cómo y en qué casos resulta de aplicación la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo sobre el dies a quo en las acciones de anulación por error en el consentimiento.
Article 1.301 of the Spanish Civil Code provides that the moment performance of the contract is the dies a quo for the exercise of the action for annulment of contracts due to mistake. The performance of the contract takes place when the obligations arising therefrom are fulfilled. This rule was not questioned until 2015, when the Spanish Supreme Court provided an interpretation of article 1.301 C.c. for complex financial contracts, which established as legal doctrine that, in such cases, the moment of performance of the contract in order to fix such dies a quo could not be set before the knowledge of the mistake, and this happens when an event that allows knowing the characteristics and risk of the contract occurs. Thereafter, doubts arose as to the scope and application of that new doctrine; a doctrine with a considerable practical significance taking into account the countless claims for annulment of contracts due to mistake that have reached our courts in the last few years. A doctrine that has, furthermore, been clarified and reviewed in further judgements. In this paper, we study how and in which cases this doctrine of the Supreme Court regarding the dies a quo of the actions for annulment of contracts for mistake is applied.
Article 1.301 of the Spanish Civil Code provides that the moment performance of the contract is the dies a quo for the exercise of the action for annulment of contracts due to mistake. The performance of the contract takes place when the obligations arising therefrom are fulfilled. This rule was not questioned until 2015, when the Spanish Supreme Court provided an interpretation of article 1.301 C.c. for complex financial contracts, which established as legal doctrine that, in such cases, the moment of performance of the contract in order to fix such dies a quo could not be set before the knowledge of the mistake, and this happens when an event that allows knowing the characteristics and risk of the contract occurs. Thereafter, doubts arose as to the scope and application of that new doctrine; a doctrine with a considerable practical significance taking into account the countless claims for annulment of contracts due to mistake that have reached our courts in the last few years. A doctrine that has, furthermore, been clarified and reviewed in further judgements. In this paper, we study how and in which cases this doctrine of the Supreme Court regarding the dies a quo of the actions for annulment of contracts for mistake is applied.
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Error en el consentimiento, Acción de anulabilidad, Dies a quo, Prescripción, Perfección del contrato, Consumación del contrato, Productos bancarios, Productos financieros, Obras de arte, Mistake, Action for annulment, Prescription, Conclusion of contracts, Performance of contracts, Bank products, Financial products, Works of art
Bibliographic citation
Bergel Sainz de Baranda, Yolanda (2020). Dies a quo para el ejercicio de la acción de anulación por error en el consentimiento. Aplicación de la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo a casos concretos. Revista de Derecho Civil, v. VII, n. 4, pp. 183-215