Publication: Diseño y análisis de una central termosolar de torre central operando con sodio fundido
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2016-09
Defense date
2016-10-03
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Abstract
El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado trata del análisis y diseño de una central solar de torre central que opera con sodio fundido y cuya unidad de potencia trabaja con CO2 en estado supercrítico.
En una primera fase del trabajo se hace un análisis del estado del arte de la energía solar, poniendo especial énfasis en las centrales de torre central y el uso de fluidos térmicos alternativos como el sodio fundido. Se analizan las ventajas que aportan las excepcionales propiedades térmicas de este fluido frente a otros como las sales fundidas o el agua. También se describen las nuevas tecnologías en cuanto al estado del fluido de potencia, como es el supercrítico, o los distintos ciclos de potencia que existen en la actualidad como son el regenerativo o el de recompresión.
En una segunda fase se realiza un diseño y análisis preliminar de los componentes más importantes y significativos de la central termosolar de torre operando con sodio fundido y ciclo supercrítico, para un día de diseño elegido: receptor solar, campo de heliostatos, sistema de almacenamiento, y ciclo de potencia. Los tanques de almacenamiento dotan a la central de cierta autonomía cuando el sol no irradia lo suficiente. Para el resto del tiempo se quema gas en una caldera auxiliar, lo que permite a la planta generar 17 MW de potencia durante todo el día. Esto se lleva a cabo utilizando como referencia para los cálculos otras centrales existentes y trabajos publicados. Todos los cálculos se han realizado utilizando el software de cálculo Matlab.
Finalmente se realiza en el trabajo una estimación del ahorro de CO2 que supondría la construcción de esta central, de la inversión necesaria requerida y del coste que tendría la unidad de energía producida.
The present project is devoted to the analysis and design of a solar power plant with central tower which operates with molten sodium and whose power cycle is run by CO2 in supercritical state. In the first phase of the work, an analysis of the state of the art of the solar energy is carried out, making emphasis on the central tower power plants and the use of alternative thermal fluids such as sodium. There is an analysis of the great advantages that the exceptional thermal properties of molten sodium offer among other heat transfer fluids such as molten salts or water. There is also a description of the new technologies dealing with the state of the heat transfer fluid in the power unit, such as supercritical state, or the different power cycles that exist nowadays such as the regenerative or the recompression cycle. In the second phase of the project, a preliminary analysis and design of the most important and significant components of the solar plant, for the day of design chosen, is carried out. These components are the solar receptor, the heliostats field, the storage system and the power cycle. The storage tanks provide the solar power plant some autonomy when the sun is not irradiating enough. For the rest of the time, natural gas is burnt in an auxiliary combustion chamber, what allows the plant to generate 17 MW of power during the whole day. This is carried out using other existing power plants and published works as a reference for the calculations. All the calculations have been done using the computing software Matlab. Finally, it is done an estimation of the CO2 emissions savings that the construction of this power plant would imply, as well as an approximation of the necessary investment that this plant would require and the cost that the produced energy unit would be.
The present project is devoted to the analysis and design of a solar power plant with central tower which operates with molten sodium and whose power cycle is run by CO2 in supercritical state. In the first phase of the work, an analysis of the state of the art of the solar energy is carried out, making emphasis on the central tower power plants and the use of alternative thermal fluids such as sodium. There is an analysis of the great advantages that the exceptional thermal properties of molten sodium offer among other heat transfer fluids such as molten salts or water. There is also a description of the new technologies dealing with the state of the heat transfer fluid in the power unit, such as supercritical state, or the different power cycles that exist nowadays such as the regenerative or the recompression cycle. In the second phase of the project, a preliminary analysis and design of the most important and significant components of the solar plant, for the day of design chosen, is carried out. These components are the solar receptor, the heliostats field, the storage system and the power cycle. The storage tanks provide the solar power plant some autonomy when the sun is not irradiating enough. For the rest of the time, natural gas is burnt in an auxiliary combustion chamber, what allows the plant to generate 17 MW of power during the whole day. This is carried out using other existing power plants and published works as a reference for the calculations. All the calculations have been done using the computing software Matlab. Finally, it is done an estimation of the CO2 emissions savings that the construction of this power plant would imply, as well as an approximation of the necessary investment that this plant would require and the cost that the produced energy unit would be.
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Energías renovables, Energía solar, Centrales de torre central, Eficiencia energética, Centrales termosolares