Publication: Una nueva evaluación macroeconómica de la Revolución Industrial
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1993
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Alianza Editorial : Centro de Estudios Constitucionales (España)
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El crecimienio económico durante la Revolución Industrial ha sido sometido en la
última década a una nueva evaluación que revisa anteriores teorías sobre el desarrollo
británico. El crecimiento fue más lento, y el cambio industrial estuvo más localizado y
produjo un menor impacto de lo que se pensaba anteriormente. Las mejoras en la agricultura
y la relativa facilidad con que la mano de obra se pasó a la industria urbana
parecen centrales en esta experiencia. Aunque el impacto industrial ahora aparece menor
de lo que antes se creía, las ciudades industriales transformaron la sociedad por
que la industria algodonera se expandió para aprovechar la ventaja que le daba su nueva
tecnología, y los trabajadores se trasladaron a las ciudades. Pero, aunque las
exportaciones aumentaron la participación de la industria y dieron lugar a la urbanización,
no elevaron mucho la renta por habitante porque la competencia consiguió que
los beneficios fueran para los consumidores. Por último, parece que los rasgos específicos
de la revolución industrial británica no constituyen una guía muy sólida para el
proceso del crecimiento en otros lugares.
Aggregate estimates of British growth during the classical Industrial Revolution have been reassessed in the past decade and present a significantly revision of earlier views of British growth. Growth was slower than previously believed and industrial change more localized and with a smaller impact Agricultural improvement and the relative ease with which labour moved to urban industry seems central to die experience. Although industry's impact now seems leas than previously believed, industrial cities transformed society because the cotton textile industry expanded to exploit the advantage of this new technology and labour moved to the cities. But while exports expanded the share of industry and caused urbanization, they did not raise per capita income much because competition ensured that the benefits went to consumers. Finally, the specific features of the British industrial revolution seem to provide only weak guide to the growth process elsewhere.
Aggregate estimates of British growth during the classical Industrial Revolution have been reassessed in the past decade and present a significantly revision of earlier views of British growth. Growth was slower than previously believed and industrial change more localized and with a smaller impact Agricultural improvement and the relative ease with which labour moved to urban industry seems central to die experience. Although industry's impact now seems leas than previously believed, industrial cities transformed society because the cotton textile industry expanded to exploit the advantage of this new technology and labour moved to the cities. But while exports expanded the share of industry and caused urbanization, they did not raise per capita income much because competition ensured that the benefits went to consumers. Finally, the specific features of the British industrial revolution seem to provide only weak guide to the growth process elsewhere.
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Revista de Historia Económica Año XI Primavera-verano 1983 n. 2 pp. 259--306