Publication: Optimización de una malla de rehabilitación actuada mediante fibras SMA
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2018
Defense date
2018-10-09
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Abstract
Este proyecto tiene como objetivo la optimización de un maillot de rehabilitación enfocado en la articulación del codo, mediante un actuador formado por una aleación con memoria de forma (Shape Memory Alloy, SMA).
El funcionamiento del actuador, se basa en la capacidad de variación de la estructura interna de los materiales por los que está formado. Esta variación, se debe a un aumento de la temperatura por el efecto Joule, originando una reducción de su longitud inicial y siendo esta reducción, el principio básico de desarrollo del movimiento.
Gracias a este sistema de actuación, el exoesqueleto se caracteriza por un nivel de ruido mínimo y por un peso menor, que junto con un diseño basado en cintas de ajuste, facilita el proceso de rehabilitación médica en pacientes que han sufrido la parálisis o pérdida de fuerza de las extremidad superior, debido a accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) como pueden ser ictus o infartos cerebrales.
Dicho diseño ayudará en la evolución del paciente para recuperar el movimiento y así poder ejecutar acciones de la vida diaria. Actuando en la neuroplasticidad, se consigue que una parte no dañada del cerebro tras un ACV sea capaz de recuperar acciones, en este caso motoras, de una zona afectada.
The aim of this project is to optimize a rehabilitation jersey focused on the elbow joint, by means of an actuator made up of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). The operation of the actuator is based on the ability to change the internal structure of the materials it is made of. This variation is due to an increase in temperature due to the Joule effect, causing a reduction in its initial length and this reduction being the basic principle of movement development. As a result of this action system, the exoskeleton is characterized by a minimum noise level and a lower weight, which together with a design based on adjustment bands, facilitates the medical rehabilitation process in patients who have suffered paralysis or loss of strength of the upper limb, due to stroke such as ictus or cerebral infarction. This design will help in the evolution of the patient to recover the movement and thus to be able to execute actions of the daily life. By acting on neuroplasticity, an undamaged part of the brain after a stroke is able to recover actions, in this case motor actions, from an affected area.
The aim of this project is to optimize a rehabilitation jersey focused on the elbow joint, by means of an actuator made up of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). The operation of the actuator is based on the ability to change the internal structure of the materials it is made of. This variation is due to an increase in temperature due to the Joule effect, causing a reduction in its initial length and this reduction being the basic principle of movement development. As a result of this action system, the exoskeleton is characterized by a minimum noise level and a lower weight, which together with a design based on adjustment bands, facilitates the medical rehabilitation process in patients who have suffered paralysis or loss of strength of the upper limb, due to stroke such as ictus or cerebral infarction. This design will help in the evolution of the patient to recover the movement and thus to be able to execute actions of the daily life. By acting on neuroplasticity, an undamaged part of the brain after a stroke is able to recover actions, in this case motor actions, from an affected area.
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Keywords
SMA (Shape Memory Alloy), Exoesqueletos, Biomedicina, Rehabilitación