Publication: Derechos sociales, ¿para quién? Sobre la universalidad de los derechos sociales
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2010-01
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Derechos Humanos Bartolomé de las Casas; Dykinson
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Abstract
Uno de los principales rasgos que se atribuyen a los derechos humanos es el de la universalidad. Se supone que la universalidad es una característica definitoria y distintiva de los derechos humanos. Pero una vez que se traslada la cuestión a los derechos sociales y económicos, buena parte de los juristas teóricos y filósofos del derecho entienden que este rasgo no se puede mantener, que sería un error conceptual con nefastas consecuencias políticas. Los derechos económicos y sociales no serían para todos, sino subsidiariamente para aquellos que los necesitan. Para avalar esta tesis argumentan que se trata de derechos de prestación específicos o de grupo (derechos de las personas que no tienen capacidad económica para satisfacer sus necesidades) y que concebirlos de otra manera sería injusto (contrario a la igualdad material). En este trabajo, tras un análisis de lo que significa la universalidad, se discuten y rechazan estos argumentos y se defiende una concepción de los derechos sociales y económicos como instrumento de desmercantilización de las relaciones sociales.
Universality is claimed as a main feature of Human Rights and it is supposed to be a characteristic and distinctive feature of them. Nevertheless, many lawyers and legal philosophers sustain that extending universality to Social and Economic Rights is wrong both conceptually and politically. They hold that Social and Economic Rights are not for everyone, but only for whom that need them. They argue that Social Rights are particular rights (rights for people who are not capable of satisfy their needs) and that a different conception would be unfair. This paper analyses what universalism is, and discusses and rejects the idea that Social Rights are not universal. Eventually, is defended a conception of Social and Economic Rights as means of decommodification of social relations.
Universality is claimed as a main feature of Human Rights and it is supposed to be a characteristic and distinctive feature of them. Nevertheless, many lawyers and legal philosophers sustain that extending universality to Social and Economic Rights is wrong both conceptually and politically. They hold that Social and Economic Rights are not for everyone, but only for whom that need them. They argue that Social Rights are particular rights (rights for people who are not capable of satisfy their needs) and that a different conception would be unfair. This paper analyses what universalism is, and discusses and rejects the idea that Social Rights are not universal. Eventually, is defended a conception of Social and Economic Rights as means of decommodification of social relations.
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Derechos sociales y económicos, Universalidad de los derechos, Universalismo, Desmercantilización, Economic and social rights, Universal rights, Universalism, Decommodification
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Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, enero 2010, n. 22, pp 179-203.