Publication: Hacia un nuevo Estado desarrollista: desafíos para América Latina
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2016-06-01
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Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Mexico (FLACSO)
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La primera década del siglo XXI constituyó una coyuntura de transformaciones en el mapa político de América Latina. Después de una larga hegemonía de las fuerzas políticas de derecha y centro-derecha, las de izquierda y centro-izquierda -un conjunto muy heterogéneo- conquistaron los gobiernos de la región con un discurso crítico del modelo neoliberal, que subrayaba el papel del Estado como actor clave del proceso de desarrollo. En este escenario, la crisis de 2008 profundizó este debate, enfocando la relación del Estado con las élites y el capital extranjero, así como en su capacidad de articular una estrategia de desarrollo para construir sociedades más prósperas y justas. Este artículo revisita los dos paradigmas del papel del Estado en los procesos de desarrollo: el modelo neoliberal y el desarrollista, a la luz de enfoques teóricos de disciplinas como la ciencia política, la historia económica y la economía del desarrollo. Se concluye que el gran desafío de una nueva teoría y práctica del Estado en América Latina se encuentra en construir coaliciones desarrollistas amplias que permitan contrapesar los intereses centrífugos de las élites locales y las corporaciones trasnacionales.
The political map of Latin America experienced some significant changes during the first decade of the 21st century. After a long period of political and social hegemony of right-wing coalitions, progressive parties assumed office in many countries. Their programs criticised the neoliberal model and underlined the role of the State in the development process. In that context, the 2008 world economic crisis strengthened the debate on the role of the State, particularly in what regards to its rapport with elites and foreign capital, as well as its capacity to lead a development strategy towards more prosperous and just societies. This article revisits two theoretical paradigms (the Neoliberal State and the Developmental State) in the light of new approaches from different disciplinary grounds (Political Science, Economic History, Political Economy of Development). We argue the greatest challenge of a new theory and practice of the State in Latin America is to build broad developmental coalitions that are able to counter the centrifugal interests of local elites and transnational corporations.
The political map of Latin America experienced some significant changes during the first decade of the 21st century. After a long period of political and social hegemony of right-wing coalitions, progressive parties assumed office in many countries. Their programs criticised the neoliberal model and underlined the role of the State in the development process. In that context, the 2008 world economic crisis strengthened the debate on the role of the State, particularly in what regards to its rapport with elites and foreign capital, as well as its capacity to lead a development strategy towards more prosperous and just societies. This article revisits two theoretical paradigms (the Neoliberal State and the Developmental State) in the light of new approaches from different disciplinary grounds (Political Science, Economic History, Political Economy of Development). We argue the greatest challenge of a new theory and practice of the State in Latin America is to build broad developmental coalitions that are able to counter the centrifugal interests of local elites and transnational corporations.
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Estado desarrollista, América Latina, Desarrollo económico, Capacidades estatales, Élites, Corporaciones trasnacionales, Developmental state, Latin America, Economic development, State capacities, Elites, Transnational corporations
Bibliographic citation
Zurbriggen, C., & Travieso, E. (2016). Hacia un nuevo Estado desarrollista: desafíos para América Latina. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 24(47), pp. 259–281.