Publication: Activismo y mujeres en los procesos de descolonización. Marruecos y el Sahara Occidental (1975)
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2013
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Abstract
En 1975, en el hasta entonces conocido como Sahara español tuvo lugar uno de los últimos episodios del proceso de la descolonización occidental, cuyos resultados han sido muy controvertidos, desde una perspectiva política, internacional y sobre todo humanitaria, a la par que objeto de análisis sociales y académicos. El argumento del tema propuesto, activismo y mujeres en los procesos de descolonización, Marruecos y el Sahara Occidental (1975), reside en una constatación muy simple: la convergencia, en los acontecimientos de 1975 de una serie de historias vinculadas entre sí por un sujeto histórico poco considerado en aquellas fechas: las mujeres.
Se constata en esta ponencia la pre existencia de movimientos político/sociales de mujeres en la zona, en primer término, en el sentido de hacer visible el desfase de su posición social y sus carencias; en segundo término, en el sentido de manifestar sus ambiciones de cariz político. De las tres franjas de población femenina: marroquí, saharaui y española peninsular e isleña, son la marroquí y la saharaui las más estudiadas. La suerte y acción de la comunidad de mujeres españolas/europeas fue pequeña y no parece haber interesado a las investigaciones hasta el momento.
Los aspectos de la investigación que se presenta a debate de expertos son las mujeres en la acción política marroquí en torno a las independencias y las descolonizaciones, la vinculación entre los movimientos de resistencias y los activismos: de la independencia de Marruecos a la independencia del Sahara; la particular comunidad de mujeres saharauis en 1975; y finalmente, las vías apra abordar el estudio de la historia de las mujeres españolas/europeas en el contexto de la descolonización del Sahara español, 1975.
In 1975, in the colonial territory known as the Spanish Sahara took place one of the last episodes of Western decolonization process, whose results have been very controversial from a political perspective, but especially from an international humanitarian viewpoint. The argument of the proposed topic: “Activism and women in the process of decolonization, Morocco and the Western Sahara (1975)”, come from a very simple observation: the convergence in the events of 1975 of a chain of particular stories linked by a subject, women, not considered enough interesting to historic researches about those events. This paper take notice of the pre-existence of political and social movements of women in the area, first in the sense of making visible the gap of their social position and their shortcomings, and secondly, in the sense of manifesting their ambitions including political ones. Of the three stripes of the female population: Moroccan, Saharawi and Spanish peninsular and island ones, the two first has been studied the most widely. The fate and action of the Spanish/European women at 1975 was small and there seems not to has been an object to researcher´s interest. Some aspects of the work exposed at panel discussion are women in Moroccan political action around the independence and decolonization, the link between resistance movements and activism: the independence of Morocco Sahara's, the community of Saharawi women just in 1975, and finally, the way to approach: theory and method, files, documents, etc., the study of Spanish/European women in the context of the decolonization of Spanish Sahara, 1975.
In 1975, in the colonial territory known as the Spanish Sahara took place one of the last episodes of Western decolonization process, whose results have been very controversial from a political perspective, but especially from an international humanitarian viewpoint. The argument of the proposed topic: “Activism and women in the process of decolonization, Morocco and the Western Sahara (1975)”, come from a very simple observation: the convergence in the events of 1975 of a chain of particular stories linked by a subject, women, not considered enough interesting to historic researches about those events. This paper take notice of the pre-existence of political and social movements of women in the area, first in the sense of making visible the gap of their social position and their shortcomings, and secondly, in the sense of manifesting their ambitions including political ones. Of the three stripes of the female population: Moroccan, Saharawi and Spanish peninsular and island ones, the two first has been studied the most widely. The fate and action of the Spanish/European women at 1975 was small and there seems not to has been an object to researcher´s interest. Some aspects of the work exposed at panel discussion are women in Moroccan political action around the independence and decolonization, the link between resistance movements and activism: the independence of Morocco Sahara's, the community of Saharawi women just in 1975, and finally, the way to approach: theory and method, files, documents, etc., the study of Spanish/European women in the context of the decolonization of Spanish Sahara, 1975.
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Historia, 1975, España, Marruecos, Sahara, Independencias, Descolonizaciones, Activismos, Mujeres, History, Spain, Morocco, Independence, Decolonization, Activism, Women
Bibliographic citation
Intervención/Ponencia en el Seminario de Expertos: "Las relaciones de España con Guinea Ecuatorial y Sahara Occidental: I. Dos modelos de colonización y de descolonización. II. Las políticas de la etapa poscolonial y sus implicaciones para la defensa y la seguridad nacional". Granada, 7 y 8 de noviembre de 2013