Publication: El 'derecho al trabajo' en las cárceles franquistas
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2016-06
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Derechos Humanos Bartolomé de las Casas; Dykinson
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Abstract
Recientes estudios han puesto de manifiesto que durante el franquismo, prisioneros
y presos fueron sometidos a trabajos forzados, enmarcados desde 1938 en
la institución de la Redención de Penas por el Trabajo. Esta situación se presentó,
no obstante, bajo la cobertura jurídica del ejercicio de un derecho: el derecho
al trabajo. Aunque no fueran lo mismo la cárcel y la empresa, en todos esos ámbitos
el derecho al trabajo desempeñó una tarea similar de control y disciplina
de la población, y a poner de manifiesto los contenidos y las particularidades
que mostró en las cárceles franquistas es a lo que se dirige este artículo. Su finalidad
última es, no obstante, aportar elementos que permitan conocer mejor los
aspectos jurídico-políticos del autoritarismo del régimen franquista, y así poder
valorar si aún perduran en el actual. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo se procederá,
en primer lugar, a indagar en la justificación ideológica que se dio al derecho
al trabajo durante el franquismo. Basada en el tradicionalismo religioso y en el
nacionalsindicalismo, aquella justificación permitió convertirlo en mecanismo
de control y disciplina. En segundo lugar, se analizarán los caracteres específicos
del derecho al trabajo en las cárceles franquistas, atendiendo al tratamiento
que tuvo en el ordenamiento jurídico del Régimen y en la doctrina jurídica que
lo analizó. Este recorrido permitirá concluir que estamos ante la perversión de
un mecanismo de emancipación de los individuos, que se ve reducido a una
obligación social irresistible y a una forma de redención moral.
Recent studies have revealed that, during the Franco’s regime, prisoners were subjected to forced labor, within the frame of the 1938 ‘la Redención de Penas por el Trabajo’ . However, this situation arose under the legal cover of a right: the ‘right to work’. Although prisons and companies are not the same thing, the right to work played a similar task of control and discipline of the population in all these areas. This article tries to analyse the right to work and the particularities that it showed within Franco’s prisons. However, its ultimate objective is to understand the political and juridical aspects of the authoritarianism of Franco’s regimen in order to asses if they are still present in the Spanish current political system. To carry it out, I will analyse first the ideological justification underlying the right to work under Franco’s regime. Based on religious traditionalism and nacional-sindicalism, that ideological justification allowed to make it become a mechanism of control and discipline. Second, I will focus on the specific character of the ‘right to work’ in Franco’s prisons, considering the treatment it had in the legal system of the Regime and in the legal doctrine that analyzed it. All of this will allow us to conclude that at work is the perversion of an emancipating mechanism for individuals reduced to social obligation and to moral redemption.
Recent studies have revealed that, during the Franco’s regime, prisoners were subjected to forced labor, within the frame of the 1938 ‘la Redención de Penas por el Trabajo’ . However, this situation arose under the legal cover of a right: the ‘right to work’. Although prisons and companies are not the same thing, the right to work played a similar task of control and discipline of the population in all these areas. This article tries to analyse the right to work and the particularities that it showed within Franco’s prisons. However, its ultimate objective is to understand the political and juridical aspects of the authoritarianism of Franco’s regimen in order to asses if they are still present in the Spanish current political system. To carry it out, I will analyse first the ideological justification underlying the right to work under Franco’s regime. Based on religious traditionalism and nacional-sindicalism, that ideological justification allowed to make it become a mechanism of control and discipline. Second, I will focus on the specific character of the ‘right to work’ in Franco’s prisons, considering the treatment it had in the legal system of the Regime and in the legal doctrine that analyzed it. All of this will allow us to conclude that at work is the perversion of an emancipating mechanism for individuals reduced to social obligation and to moral redemption.
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Keywords
Derecho al trabajo, Franquismo, Redención de penas, Right to work, Franco’s regime, Redemption of penalties
Bibliographic citation
Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, junio 2016, n. 35, pp. 265-305