Publication: Generación eléctrica con biomasa. Evolución de la retribución en este tipo de tecnología
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2017-06
Defense date
2017-07-13
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Abstract
El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se basa en el estudio de un tipo de energía renovable poco desarrollada, la biomasa, analizando conceptos teóricos como las distintas formas de biomasa y otros más prácticos, como su situación de explotación en la actualidad. Además, se desarrollan los parámetros básicos de una planta de biomasa, enfocando dicho diseño a la simulación y obtención de resultados del ciclo de potencia que define este tipo de centrales, así como a la contribución de biomasa necesaria para la generación eléctrica. Teniendo como contexto la necesidad de eficiencia energética actual, se pretende obtener el máximo rendimiento del ciclo de potencia, estudiando para ello un caso de mejora.
Más allá de la eficiencia conseguida en el diseño de la planta, existen una serie de elementos exógenos a la planta vinculados con la regulación que originan que la rentabilidad de ésta varíe, llegando incluso a situaciones de pérdidas para los propietarios. Dado que durante los últimos años el sector eléctrico ha sufrido cambios continuados e importantes, se examina finalmente la evolución de estos cambios y cómo han afectado los mismos a la viabilidad económica de estas tecnologías.
The present dissertation is based on the study of a type of renewable energy less developed, the biomass, analysing the more theoretical concepts such as the different forms of biomass, and another ones more practical as its situation of development at the present. Furthermore, the basic parameters of a biomass plant are designed, focusing this design to the simulation and results collection of the power cycle which defines this type of power plants, as well as to the biomass contribution necessary for the electric generation. Considering the current need of energy efficiency, it is intended to obtain the maximum performance of the power cycle, studying different cases of improvement to achieve it. Beyond the efficiency achieved in the design of the plant, there are other exogenous elements to the plant linked to the regulation that cause the profitability of the plant to vary, even reaching unfavourable situations for the owners. Since in recent years the electricity sector has undergone major changes, the evolution of these changes and how they have affected the economic viability of these technologies is finally examined.
The present dissertation is based on the study of a type of renewable energy less developed, the biomass, analysing the more theoretical concepts such as the different forms of biomass, and another ones more practical as its situation of development at the present. Furthermore, the basic parameters of a biomass plant are designed, focusing this design to the simulation and results collection of the power cycle which defines this type of power plants, as well as to the biomass contribution necessary for the electric generation. Considering the current need of energy efficiency, it is intended to obtain the maximum performance of the power cycle, studying different cases of improvement to achieve it. Beyond the efficiency achieved in the design of the plant, there are other exogenous elements to the plant linked to the regulation that cause the profitability of the plant to vary, even reaching unfavourable situations for the owners. Since in recent years the electricity sector has undergone major changes, the evolution of these changes and how they have affected the economic viability of these technologies is finally examined.
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Sistemas eléctricos, Energías renovables, Biomasa, Ciclo de Rankine, Matlab