Publication: A eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais, face a força normativa da constituição e tentativas de impor critérios para essa aplicação
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2017-02-13
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Abstract
No Brasil, desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, a garantia de direitos fundamentais nas relações verticais, ou seja, nas relações entre particulares e Estado, se impõe sem maiores discussões. Ocorre que nos últimos anos, principalmente, ante a força normativa da Constituição, o qual defende que o texto constitucional também é norma jurídica, dotada de aplicação e eficácia imediata, e não meras instruções principiológicas, os direitos fundamentais passaram também a serem aplicados nas relações entre particulares, dando início a denominada aplicação horizontal de tais direitos. Todavia, ao se aplicar os direitos fundamentais nas relações entre particulares, acaba-se criando um conflito com outra garantia, qual seja, a autonomia privada. A solução para referido conflito, pela maioria dos aplicadores do direito, é o sopesamento destes princípios, analisando-os em vista do caso concreto, para se decidir qual deverá prevalecer. Mas esta forma de solução, sem qualquer critério objetivo, acarreta insegurança jurídica, e um grande subjetivismo do julgador, quando se vê frente a tais colisões. Na tentativa de diminuir esse subjetivismo, de dar segurança, alguns autores tentar criar critérios para a aplicação dos direitos fundamentais as relações privadas, principalmente quando estes colidem com a autonomia privada.
In Brazil, since the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, the guarantee of fundamental rights in vertical relations, that is, in relations between individuals and the State, is imposed without further discussion. In the last few years, especially in view of the normative force of the Constitution, which maintains that the constitutional text is also a legal norm, with immediate application and effectiveness, and not just principles, fundamental rights have also been applied in relations between individuals, giving rise to the so-called horizontal application of such rights. However, when fundamental rights are applied in relations between individuals, a conflict with another guarantee, that is, private autonomy is created. The solution to this conflict, by most of the applicators of the law, is the weighing of these principles, analyzing them in view of the concrete case, to decide which should prevail. But this form of solution, without any objective criterion, entails legal insecurity and a great subjectivism of the judge when faced with such collisions. In an attempt to reduce this subjectivism, to give security, some authors try to create criteria for the application of fundamental rights private relations, especially when these collide with private autonomy.
In Brazil, since the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, the guarantee of fundamental rights in vertical relations, that is, in relations between individuals and the State, is imposed without further discussion. In the last few years, especially in view of the normative force of the Constitution, which maintains that the constitutional text is also a legal norm, with immediate application and effectiveness, and not just principles, fundamental rights have also been applied in relations between individuals, giving rise to the so-called horizontal application of such rights. However, when fundamental rights are applied in relations between individuals, a conflict with another guarantee, that is, private autonomy is created. The solution to this conflict, by most of the applicators of the law, is the weighing of these principles, analyzing them in view of the concrete case, to decide which should prevail. But this form of solution, without any objective criterion, entails legal insecurity and a great subjectivism of the judge when faced with such collisions. In an attempt to reduce this subjectivism, to give security, some authors try to create criteria for the application of fundamental rights private relations, especially when these collide with private autonomy.
Description
Comunicación presentada en el Seminario Internacional en Cultura de la Legalidad: Los desafíos del Estado de Derecho en el siglo XXI, celebrado en Getafe (Madrid) el 13 de febrero de 2017 y organizado por el Grupo de Investigación sobre el Derecho y la Justicia (GIDYJ) de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Keywords
Força normativa da Constituição, Eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais, Critérios objetivos, Normative force of the Constitution, Horizontal effectiveness of fundamental rights, Objective criteria