Publication: La formación de testimonios para el expediente del juicio oral
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2016-06-01
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Thomson Reuters
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Abstract
Reviste verdadera importancia en el proceso penal el material que puede utilizar el
juez a la hora de dictar sentencia, ya que sólo puede hacerlo con la prueba de cargo, que como
regla general se practica en el juicio oral (con las excepciones que la ley prevea). Siendo ello
relevante en el procedimiento común, lo es más cuando se trata del juicio con Jurado, formado por
jueces legos, por lo que es importante que sólo atiendan a la prueba practicada delante de ellos, sin
verse contaminados con diligencias de investigación que son sólo eso, diligencias de investigación
y no prueba de cargo para condenar al acusado. Este material con el que va a contar el órgano
sentenciador se formará a través de los testimonios que el juez de oficio remitirá al órgano
sentenciador o será pedido y aportado por las partes, por lo tanto, este estudio se centra en
delimitar los testimonios que se tienen que formar para el expediente del juicio oral. Se parte de la
regulación ofrecida por el Anteproyecto de Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal de 2011, que por
primera vez se reguló lo que en la Disposición final cuarta de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Jurado
se establecía, -concederle al Gobierno el plazo de un año para enviar a las Cortes Generales un
proyecto de ley de modificación de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, “generalizando los criterios
procesales instaurados en la Ley del Jurado y, en el que se establezca un procedimiento
fundamentado en los principios acusatorio y de contradicción de las partes”. Posteriormente, el
Código Procesal Penal presentado el 25 de febrero de 2013 al Ministro de Justicia, también
contempló y reguló los testimonios que se pueden pedir e incorporar al juicio oral, aunque con
algunas diferencias al Anteproyecto. Los criterios procesales contemplados en los preceptos de la Ley del Jurado los reguló el legislador con la intención de que fuesen generalizados en el resto de
procedimientos penales. Sin embargo, todavía no ha habido una reforma total de la Ley de
Enjuiciamiento Criminal, sí intentos legislativos como los comentados en este artículo. Dada la
falta de consenso se ha optado por una reforma parcial de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal sin
incluir la materia comentada.
The material that can be used by the judge for sentencing in criminal proceedings is of real importance, as sentencing can be done only with the incriminating evidence that, as a rule, is practiced in the oral proceedings (with some exceptions foreseen by the law). Being so significant in the common proceedings, it becomes even more in the jury trial, formed by lay judges. It is important that they should only attend to the evidence produced before them, without being affected by investigative proceedings that stay just investigative ones and not incriminating evidence for the conviction of the accused. The material for trial body will consist of the testimonies officially forwarded to it by the judge or requested and provided by the parties. Therefore, this study focuses on the determination of the testimonies that are necessary for the dossier of the oral proceedings. It is based on the regulation offered by the Draft Law on Criminal Procedure of 2011that for the first time regulates what has been established by the 4th Final Provision of the Organic Law on the Jury, i.e. giving the Government one year to submit to the Parliament a draft law amending the Law on Criminal Procedure that "generalises the procedural criteria of the Law on the Jury and establishes a procedure based on accusatory and adversarial principles". Subsequently, the Draft Criminal Procedure Code, submitted to the Minister of Justice on 25th February 2013, also considered and regulated testimonies that can be requested ordered and incorporated into the oral proceeding, albeit with some differences to the first Draft. The legislator regulated the procedural criteria laid down in the provisions of the Law of the Jury with the intention make them widespread in other criminal proceedings. However, an overall reform of the Law on Criminal Procedure has not taken place yet, only other legislative attempts as discussed in this article. Given the lack of consensus it has been opted for a partial reform of the Law on Criminal Procedure excluding the issue discussed.
The material that can be used by the judge for sentencing in criminal proceedings is of real importance, as sentencing can be done only with the incriminating evidence that, as a rule, is practiced in the oral proceedings (with some exceptions foreseen by the law). Being so significant in the common proceedings, it becomes even more in the jury trial, formed by lay judges. It is important that they should only attend to the evidence produced before them, without being affected by investigative proceedings that stay just investigative ones and not incriminating evidence for the conviction of the accused. The material for trial body will consist of the testimonies officially forwarded to it by the judge or requested and provided by the parties. Therefore, this study focuses on the determination of the testimonies that are necessary for the dossier of the oral proceedings. It is based on the regulation offered by the Draft Law on Criminal Procedure of 2011that for the first time regulates what has been established by the 4th Final Provision of the Organic Law on the Jury, i.e. giving the Government one year to submit to the Parliament a draft law amending the Law on Criminal Procedure that "generalises the procedural criteria of the Law on the Jury and establishes a procedure based on accusatory and adversarial principles". Subsequently, the Draft Criminal Procedure Code, submitted to the Minister of Justice on 25th February 2013, also considered and regulated testimonies that can be requested ordered and incorporated into the oral proceeding, albeit with some differences to the first Draft. The legislator regulated the procedural criteria laid down in the provisions of the Law of the Jury with the intention make them widespread in other criminal proceedings. However, an overall reform of the Law on Criminal Procedure has not taken place yet, only other legislative attempts as discussed in this article. Given the lack of consensus it has been opted for a partial reform of the Law on Criminal Procedure excluding the issue discussed.
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Keywords
Testimonios, Expediente, Juicio Oral, Valoración, Testimonials, Dossier, Oral proceedings, Assessment
Bibliographic citation
López Jiménez, R. (2016). La formación de testimonios para el expediente del juicio oral. Revista Aranzadi de Derecho y Proceso Penal, 42, pp. 1-22