Publication: Presencia y ubicación de los portales de transparencia municipales españoles
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2020
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EPI SCP
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Abstract
Desde 2015 los ayuntamientos españoles deben cumplir con la Ley de transparencia, que incluye el deber de publicar información sobre su actividad en una web, sede electrónica o portal de transparencia. Para ello, cuentan en muchos casos con la ayuda de diputaciones provinciales, comunidades autónomas o el Estado. Los estudios previos sobre el cumplimiento de esta norma han dejado aparte, en buena parte de los casos, a los ayuntamientos menores de 10.000 habitantes, es decir, a más del 90%. Este trabajo ofrece un análisis introductorio sobre la presencia de información de transparencia en webs y portales de transparencia ofrecida por ayuntamientos españoles de todos los rangos de población. Se ha estudiado una muestra de municipios, divididos en catorce rangos, que abarca entre un 20 y un 30% de municipios, extraídos proporcional y aleatoriamente para cada rango y cada provincia. El análisis incluye variables como la existencia de sitios web municipales y de portales de transparencia específicos, la conexión y publicidad entre ambos, y la presencia mínima de información dentro de los portales de transparencia. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar del apoyo de instituciones de ámbito mayor, uno de cada seis ayuntamientos no tiene web, y la mitad de los municipios no ofrece información real sobre transparencia. Esto es debido a tres causas: sus portales de transparencia están vacíos, no hacen publicidad activa de su portal en la web o, en menor medida (uno de cada diez) no tienen portal de transparencia. Este resultado ocurre en los municipios de menos de 20.000 habitantes. En cuanto a los municipios que sí ofrecen información sobre transparencia, emplean sobre todo la aplicación facilitada por el Estado que está asociada a una sede electrónica. La actividad de otras administraciones (autonómicas o provinciales) para fomentar esta transparencia municipal también aparece, aunque sólo de forma masiva en algunas provincias.
Since 2015, Spanish local councils have had to comply with the Transparency Act, which includes the duty to publish information on their activity on a website, electronic headquarters, or transparency portal. To do so, they often have the help of provincial councils, autonomous communities, or the State. Previous studies on compliance with this rule ignored town councils with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants, i.e., more than 90% of them. This paper presents an introductory analysis on the presence of transparency information on websites and transparency portals offered by municipalities of all populations. A sample of municipalities, divided into 14 population ranges, was studied, covering 20-30% of municipalities, extracted proportionally and randomly for each range and from each province. The analysis includes variables such as the existence of a municipal website and specific transparency portal, the connection and publicity between the two, and the minimum presence of information within such portals. Despite support from larger institutions, one out of six municipalities did not have a website, and half of the municipalities did not offer real information on transparency. The three main causes identified (in order) are that their transparency portals are empty, that they do not actively advertise their portal on the website, or to a lesser extent (one in ten) that they do not have a transparency portal. This result occurs mostly for municipalities with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants. The municipalities that do offer transparency information mainly use tools provided by the State, which are associated with an electronic site. Efforts by other (autonomous or provincial) institutions to promote transparency are also detected, although only massively in some provinces.
Since 2015, Spanish local councils have had to comply with the Transparency Act, which includes the duty to publish information on their activity on a website, electronic headquarters, or transparency portal. To do so, they often have the help of provincial councils, autonomous communities, or the State. Previous studies on compliance with this rule ignored town councils with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants, i.e., more than 90% of them. This paper presents an introductory analysis on the presence of transparency information on websites and transparency portals offered by municipalities of all populations. A sample of municipalities, divided into 14 population ranges, was studied, covering 20-30% of municipalities, extracted proportionally and randomly for each range and from each province. The analysis includes variables such as the existence of a municipal website and specific transparency portal, the connection and publicity between the two, and the minimum presence of information within such portals. Despite support from larger institutions, one out of six municipalities did not have a website, and half of the municipalities did not offer real information on transparency. The three main causes identified (in order) are that their transparency portals are empty, that they do not actively advertise their portal on the website, or to a lesser extent (one in ten) that they do not have a transparency portal. This result occurs mostly for municipalities with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants. The municipalities that do offer transparency information mainly use tools provided by the State, which are associated with an electronic site. Efforts by other (autonomous or provincial) institutions to promote transparency are also detected, although only massively in some provinces.
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Keywords
Transparencia local, Ayuntamientos, Portales de transparencia, Rangos de población, Sitios web, Webs, Información, Pública, Sede electrónica, Publicidad activa, Ley de transparencia, Muestreo, Entidades locales, Local transparency, City Councils, Transparency portals, Population ranges, Websites, Public information, Electronic Office, Active advertising, Transparency Law, Sampling, Local entities
Bibliographic citation
Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 6 (2020), e290635