Publication: Proyecto e implantación de una fábrica de cartonaje
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2019-07
Defense date
2019-07-05
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Abstract
El siguiente documento, consiste en el estudio teórico de un proyecto de inversión basado en
la creación y puesta en marcha de una empresa cuya actividad principal se centra en la
fabricación de distintos productos de cartón. Los primeros años la empresa se centrará en
productos tradicionales como cajas para embalaje y empaquetado y, a partir del tercer año,
acometer la puesta en el mercado de un producto alternativo que se espera que tenga un gran
atractivo dada la tendencia eco-friendly de la sociedad actual: los ataúdes de cartón.
En este estudio, se analizarán las distintas fases a realizar para llevar a cabo la implantación de
dicha empresa, incluyendo un horizonte temporal que se inicia en el momento de la
implantación y finaliza 5 años después.
Se ha estructurado en tres partes: en la primera se define el proyecto, sus objetivos y la
metodología a seguir. Continúa con una breve descripción histórica en la que se pone de
manifiesto la importancia del cartón en la sociedad actual y la evolución que ha tenido a lo
largo del tiempo. En los siguientes capítulos, se analiza el crecimiento del sector en los últimos
años con su distribución geográfica en distintos mercados, la importancia de los países
emergentes y las estrategias a utilizar tanto a nivel organizativo como a nivel comercial.
En la segunda parte, se desarrolla el núcleo central de este trabajo, el plan de operaciones, que
comprende desde el análisis de los recursos necesarios para realizar la actividad de la empresa,
hasta el mantenimiento de la fábrica y maquinaria a utilizar, pasando por la organización del
abastecimiento, la producción y la distribución, complementado con el plan de recursos
humanos en el que se define el organigrama y cada uno de los puestos a cubrir en la empresa.
La tercera parte del trabajo, detalla el plan económico desde el momento inicial con las
necesidades de inversión para la puesta en marcha de la actividad, con las previsiones de
ingresos y gastos para cada uno de los años del horizonte temporal, sus flujos de caja y la
previsión del balance a cierre de cada uno de los ejercicios, definiendo los distintos ratios
obtenidos en cada uno de ellos y el umbral de rentabilidad para cada uno de los escenarios
analizados, tanto el realista y como el pesimista. Llegando a la conclusión de que, si se cumplen
las estimaciones previstas, el plan de negocio resultaría muy rentable, que no finalizaría en el
quinto año y que serviría de plataforma para consolidar una empresa de futuro.
En las últimas páginas del documento tienen cabida tanto los anexos en los que se reflejan los
cálculos en los que se basan las previsiones realizadas como las referencias bibliográficas
utilizadas para obtener la información necesaria para su redacción.
The following document consists of a theoretical study of an investment project based on the creation and start-up of a company whose main activity is centered on the manufacture of different cardboard products. In the first few years the company will focus on traditional products such as boxes for packaging and, from the third year onwards, it will launch an alternative product on the market that is expected to be very attractive based on the eco-friendly trend of today's society: cardboard coffins. In this study, the different phases to be carried out in order to implement this company will be analyzed, including a time horizon that begins at the time of implementation and ends 5 years later. It has been structured in three parts: the first defines the project, its objectives and the methodology to be followed. It continues with a brief historical description in which the importance of cardboard in today's society and the evolution it has undergone over time are highlighted. The following chapters analyze the growth of the sector in recent years with its geographical distribution in different markets, the importance of emerging countries and the strategies to be used both at an organizational and commercial level. In the second part, the central core of this work is developed, the operations plan, that includes from the analysis of the necessary resources to carry out the activity of the company, until the maintenance of the factory and machinery to use, going through the organization of the supply, the production and the distribution, complemented with the plan of human resources in which the organization chart is defined and each one of the positions to cover in the company. The third part of the work details the economic plan from the initial moment with the investment needs for the start-up of the activity, with forecasts of income and expenditure for each of the years of the time horizon, its cash flows and the forecast of the balance sheet at the end of each of the years, defining the different ratios obtained in each of them and the profitability threshold for each of the scenarios analysed, both realistic and pessimistic. Reaching the conclusion that, if the planned estimates are met, the business plan would be very profitable and would not be completed in the fifth year and would serve as a platform for consolidating a company of the future. The last pages of the document contain both the annexes in which the calculations on which the forecasts are based are reflected and the bibliographical references used to obtain the information necessary for its drafting.
The following document consists of a theoretical study of an investment project based on the creation and start-up of a company whose main activity is centered on the manufacture of different cardboard products. In the first few years the company will focus on traditional products such as boxes for packaging and, from the third year onwards, it will launch an alternative product on the market that is expected to be very attractive based on the eco-friendly trend of today's society: cardboard coffins. In this study, the different phases to be carried out in order to implement this company will be analyzed, including a time horizon that begins at the time of implementation and ends 5 years later. It has been structured in three parts: the first defines the project, its objectives and the methodology to be followed. It continues with a brief historical description in which the importance of cardboard in today's society and the evolution it has undergone over time are highlighted. The following chapters analyze the growth of the sector in recent years with its geographical distribution in different markets, the importance of emerging countries and the strategies to be used both at an organizational and commercial level. In the second part, the central core of this work is developed, the operations plan, that includes from the analysis of the necessary resources to carry out the activity of the company, until the maintenance of the factory and machinery to use, going through the organization of the supply, the production and the distribution, complemented with the plan of human resources in which the organization chart is defined and each one of the positions to cover in the company. The third part of the work details the economic plan from the initial moment with the investment needs for the start-up of the activity, with forecasts of income and expenditure for each of the years of the time horizon, its cash flows and the forecast of the balance sheet at the end of each of the years, defining the different ratios obtained in each of them and the profitability threshold for each of the scenarios analysed, both realistic and pessimistic. Reaching the conclusion that, if the planned estimates are met, the business plan would be very profitable and would not be completed in the fifth year and would serve as a platform for consolidating a company of the future. The last pages of the document contain both the annexes in which the calculations on which the forecasts are based are reflected and the bibliographical references used to obtain the information necessary for its drafting.
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Keywords
Planes de negocio, Creación de empresas, Toma de decisiones, Energía, Oferta y demanda, Indicadores económicos, Gestión de recursos humanos