Publication: Optimización del múltiplo solar en centrales de ciclos de vapor hibridadas con colectores cilindro-parabólicos
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2017-09-22
Defense date
2017-10-06
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Abstract
El presente trabajo presenta una optimización económica del múltiplo solar para una planta de colectores cilindro-parabólicos que alimentan caloríficamente a un ciclo de vapor sin utilizar ningún tipo de combustible fósil, cuya idea se basa en el artículo científico de M. Montes y J. Martinez-Val [1]. Para esta optimización se tendrá en cuenta que la carga a la que trabaja el ciclo de potencia será la nominal y que los campos solares que se analizarán serán de distinto tamaño, pero con los mismos parámetros de actuación.
Para ello, se ha elaborado un código en el software matemático MATLAB en el que se simula los distintos tamaños de plantas solares y la energía térmica que es capaz de aportar al ciclo de Rankine cada uno de ellos. Con el fin de simular dicho ciclo de Rankine, y poder parametrizar los distintos estados termodinámicos, se ha empleado el programa informático de dinámica de líquidos y gases ThermoFlex.
De esta manera, una vez sean determinados los distintos tamaños de la central, y por lo tanto sus respectivos múltiplos solares, se calculará el coste de energía por kilovatio-hora eléctrico para cada planta a lo largo de un año (LCOE anual), y con ellos, se obtendrá el diseño económicamente más óptimo.
Por tanto, en el primer capítulo se encuentra la motivación que ha llevado a realizar este estudio, junto con los objetivos que este trabajo plantea alcanzar. Se prosigue con el estado del arte, el cuál posee una breve introducción que trata la importancia de este tipo de proyectos y da paso al desarrollo histórico y los tipos de energía solar que existen, a los que se añade las ventajas e inconvenientes de este tipo de energía y el impacto ambiental que producen los colectores cilindro-parabólicos.
En los siguientes capítulos se encuentran descritas las características fundamentales del ciclo de potencia, y las condiciones de contorno y configuración de la planta termosolar. Además, en este capítulo se efectuará el análisis termodinámico del colector cilindro-parabólico.
A continuación, se definirán tanto el múltiplo solar como el LCOE, vitales para desarrollar la optimización junto con los costes que conlleva una central que opera con este tipo de tecnología termosolar.
Finalmente se expondrán todos los resultados obtenidos en dicho estudio, incluyendose a su vez en los anexos el código de MATLAB y el análisis termodinámico del ciclo de potencia realizado por ThermoFlex.
This thesis presents an economic optimization of the solar multiple for a parabolic trough CSP, which is used to drive a vapour cycle with null fossil fuel consumption, this is based on M. Montes and J. Martinez-Val’s scientific report [1]. In order to do the optimization, it is considered that the working load of the power cycle is at its nominal value, and that even though the solar fields analysed will have different sizes they will have the same performance parameters. With this aim, a code has been developed through the mathematical software MATLAB, in which the different sizes of the CSP and the respective thermal out-put they can feed the Rankine cycle with are simulated. In order to simulate the aforementioned power cycle and defining the parameters of each of the thermody-namic states, ThermoFlex, a software to model the dynamics of liquids and gases, has been used. In this way, once the different sizes of the plants and their respective solar multiples have been determined, the levelized cost of energy per electric kilowatt-hour is calculated for each plant for a one year period, and with these values the eco-nomically optimal design is obtained. Therefore, the first chapter presents the motivation to carry out this study, along with the objectives it aims to achieve. It is followed by the state of art, which includes a brief introduction on the importance of this type of projects and then moves onto the historical development and types of solar energy, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of energy. Last of all the environmental impact of parabolic trough plants is outlined. The consecutive chapters describe the fundamental characteristics of the power cycle, the boundary conditions and the thermosolar plant configuration. More-over, in the aforementioned section a thermodynamic analysis of the parabolic trough collector is carried out. Next, both the solar multiple and the LCOE are defined. These parameters are vital to accomplish the optimization of the plant along with the costs associated to a plant that runs on this type of thermosolar technology. Finally, the results obtained from this study will be presented, including also the MATLAB script and the power cycle themodynamic analysis carried out on ThermoFlex in the annexes.
This thesis presents an economic optimization of the solar multiple for a parabolic trough CSP, which is used to drive a vapour cycle with null fossil fuel consumption, this is based on M. Montes and J. Martinez-Val’s scientific report [1]. In order to do the optimization, it is considered that the working load of the power cycle is at its nominal value, and that even though the solar fields analysed will have different sizes they will have the same performance parameters. With this aim, a code has been developed through the mathematical software MATLAB, in which the different sizes of the CSP and the respective thermal out-put they can feed the Rankine cycle with are simulated. In order to simulate the aforementioned power cycle and defining the parameters of each of the thermody-namic states, ThermoFlex, a software to model the dynamics of liquids and gases, has been used. In this way, once the different sizes of the plants and their respective solar multiples have been determined, the levelized cost of energy per electric kilowatt-hour is calculated for each plant for a one year period, and with these values the eco-nomically optimal design is obtained. Therefore, the first chapter presents the motivation to carry out this study, along with the objectives it aims to achieve. It is followed by the state of art, which includes a brief introduction on the importance of this type of projects and then moves onto the historical development and types of solar energy, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of energy. Last of all the environmental impact of parabolic trough plants is outlined. The consecutive chapters describe the fundamental characteristics of the power cycle, the boundary conditions and the thermosolar plant configuration. More-over, in the aforementioned section a thermodynamic analysis of the parabolic trough collector is carried out. Next, both the solar multiple and the LCOE are defined. These parameters are vital to accomplish the optimization of the plant along with the costs associated to a plant that runs on this type of thermosolar technology. Finally, the results obtained from this study will be presented, including also the MATLAB script and the power cycle themodynamic analysis carried out on ThermoFlex in the annexes.
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Keywords
Termodinámica, Energía solar, Colectores cilindro-parabólicos, ThermoFlex, Campo solar, Múltiplo solar