Publication: Salud laboral y mujer emprendedora
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2017-10-23
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Abstract
Pese a que el trabajo por cuenta propia podría ser una buena forma de empleo para la mujer por su mayor flexibilidad en tiempo y lugar de trabajo, la realidad evidencia que las dificultades son muchas y, muy especialmente, en materia de salud laboral. Desde la óptica de la prevención de riesgos, el deber de autotutela se perfila como eje de la protección y ello la hará inexistente, en muchos casos, aún en aquellos en los que la exposición al riesgo sea similar o idéntica a la del trabajador asalariado. Tanto en materia preventiva como desde las ópticas reparadora y protectora, toda decisión de la mujer emprendedora en esta línea irá precedida de un análisis de costes con lo que el diseño del marco normativo y su flexibilidad será clave para que el sistema sea eficaz. No se trata sólo de proteger a la trabajadora autónoma frente a contingencias de accidente, enfermedad o conectadas con la maternidad biológica, el planteamiento habría de ser más amplio, en materia preventiva, será clave la concienciación, la formación y el apoyo económico a la implantación de la prevención de riesgos y, en materia de cotización, habrían de establecerse reglas que hicieran viable el mantenimiento de la actividad productiva pese a vicisitudes en materia de la salud (bonificación de cuota al RETA en situaciónde IT, de la cotización al Régimen General de trabajadores sustitutos, cotización a tiempo parcial...). El régimen vigente no contempla ninguna de estas medidas y el que previsiblemente está por venir (Proposición de Ley de Reformas Urgentes del Trabajo Autónomo) tampoco lo hace y, junto a ello, mantienen otras carencias en la acción protectora. No es esta la forma de apoyar iniciativas de emprendimiento generadoras de riqueza y empleo.
Although self-employment could be a good form of employment for women because of their greater flexibility in time and place of work, reality shows that the difficulties are many, and especially in terms of occupational health. From the point of view of risk prevention, the duty of autotuela is considered as the axis of protection and this will make it non-existent, in many cases, even in those where the exposure to risk is similar or identical to that of the salaried worker In both the preventive and the restorative and protective optics, any decision of the entrepreneurial woman in this line will be preceded by a cost analysis, so that the design of the regulatory framework and its flexibility will be key to make the system effective. It is not only a matter of protecting the self-employed worker against accidents, illness or connected with biological maternity, the approach would have to be broader, in preventive matters, awareness, training and economic support. In the matter of contribution, rules should be established that would make viable the maintenance of productive activity in spite of vicissitudes in health matters (bonus of quota to the RETA in IT situation, of the contribution to the Régimen General substitute workers, part-time contributions, etc.). The current regime does not contemplate any of these measures and the one that is likely to come (Urgent Reform Bill of Self-employment Work) does not do so and, along with it, maintain other shortcomings in the protective action. This is not the way to support entrepreneurship initiatives.
Although self-employment could be a good form of employment for women because of their greater flexibility in time and place of work, reality shows that the difficulties are many, and especially in terms of occupational health. From the point of view of risk prevention, the duty of autotuela is considered as the axis of protection and this will make it non-existent, in many cases, even in those where the exposure to risk is similar or identical to that of the salaried worker In both the preventive and the restorative and protective optics, any decision of the entrepreneurial woman in this line will be preceded by a cost analysis, so that the design of the regulatory framework and its flexibility will be key to make the system effective. It is not only a matter of protecting the self-employed worker against accidents, illness or connected with biological maternity, the approach would have to be broader, in preventive matters, awareness, training and economic support. In the matter of contribution, rules should be established that would make viable the maintenance of productive activity in spite of vicissitudes in health matters (bonus of quota to the RETA in IT situation, of the contribution to the Régimen General substitute workers, part-time contributions, etc.). The current regime does not contemplate any of these measures and the one that is likely to come (Urgent Reform Bill of Self-employment Work) does not do so and, along with it, maintain other shortcomings in the protective action. This is not the way to support entrepreneurship initiatives.
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Emprendimiento, Trabajo autónomo, Mujer, Salud, Igualdad, Entrepreneurship, Women, Self-employment, Health
Bibliographic citation
Alameda Castillo, Maria Teresa (2017). Salud laboral y mujer emprendedora = Occupational health and entrepreneur woman. Informe sobre salud laboral desde la perspectiva de género. Getafe: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, pp. 105-120