Tesis Doctorales

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Archivo Abierto Institucional de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid: Tesis Doctorales

Esta colección contiene tesis leídas en la Universidad Carlos III, cuyos autores han autorizado su depósito en E-Archivo. A partir de 2012 se depositan todas las tesis leídas en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, conforme a lo dispuesto en el Real Decreto 99/2011, de 28 de enero por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado (art. 14.5), y al Reglamento de la Escuela de Doctorado de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, de 7 de febrero de 2013 (art. 26.5, art. 31.1 y art. 32.2).

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Unsteady Aerodynamics of Delta Kites applied to Airborne Wind Energy Systems
(2023-10) Castro Fernández, Iván; Sánchez Arriaga, Gonzalo; Cavallaro, Rauno; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España); Sánchez Arriaga, Gonzalo
Airborne wind energy (AWE) is an emerging field within the wind power sector that aims at harvesting energy or gain traction from tethered aircraft flying at high altitudes. Aerodynamics becomes one of its critical areas due to its influence on both the flight physics and the energy generation process during typical figure-of-eight and circular trajectories. Despite the dynamic nature of these maneuvers, unsteady aerodynamics remains nearly unexplored in AWE. This dissertation studies the aerodynamics of a two-line rigid-framed delta kite applied to AWE with the objective of improving the aerodynamic understanding and preparing models to be combined with dynamic and control software. The contents are classified into two main blocks: the first focuses on numerical unsteady aerodynamics, and the second involves the preparation and testing of a small-scale AWE testbed aimed at the aerodynamic characterization of kites. The first block investigates the aerodynamics of the delta kite through numerical simulation with particular emphasis on the unsteady behavior. A fast unsteady potentialflow aerodynamic tool (UnPaM) was firstly benchmarked against experimental data from a previous flight test campaign. The estimated state vector included the kinematic state of the kite (aerodynamic velocity vector and angular rates, among others) and the aerodynamic force and moment coefficients about the kite center of mass. The recorded kite kinematics was prescribed in UnPaM and the resulting numerical aerodynamic coefficients were compared with the experimental counterparts. The inviscid tool was able to reproduce the order of magnitude and trend of the experimental lift and lateral force coefficients versus the angle of attack and sideslip angle, respectively. The drag coefficient was underestimated by UnPaM, which ignores viscous drag and flow separation. Although the numerical and experimental moment coefficients were in the same order, the comparison was cumbersome due to experimental uncertainties. Moreover, steady, quasi-steady and unsteady potential-flow effects were compared by performing three independent simulations with UnPaM. The quasi-steady assumption, which considers the full kite kinematics but neglects wake roll-up, among others, resulted sufficient for this case study. A further post-processing of the former experimental data and new flow visualization data of the delta kite suggested dynamic stall phenomenology induced by periodic changes in the angle of attack. These evidences inspired a numerical study on dynamic stall by using three unsteady aerodynamic tools at different levels of approximation and computational cost. The first is the potential-flow tool UnPaM presenting the lowest fidelity. The second tool is the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code SU2 configured to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed with the k − ! SST turbulence model. The third, with a fidelity level between UnPaM and SU2, is a semi-empirical dynamic stall tool based on the Leishman-Beddoes model that combines attached flow through UnPaM with a phenomenological module. The latter consists of three ordinary differential equations with free empirical parameters that were fine tuned with CFD data from SU2. The periodic kite kinematics was imposed in the three tools and the aerodynamic coefficients were compared among one another and the experimental results. UnPaM was unable to reproduce dynamic stall due to its inherent inviscid nature. The CFD and semi-empirical tools provided very consistent lift and drag coefficients versus the angle of attack curves that qualitatively matched the experimental hysteresis behavior. Moreover, a leading-edge vortex that periodically forms and detaches on the kite extrados was identified from CFD data corroborating experimental flow visualizations. Finally, a preliminary analysis of aerostructural deflections revealed that dynamic stall and fluid-structure interaction may work collaboratively causing stronger hysteresis cycles. The second block of this dissertation focuses on the development and testing of a small-scale AWE infrastructure for aerodynamic, dynamic and control characterization of two-line and three-line kites. The testbed consists of a rigid-framed delta kite and a ground control unit on the air and ground segments, respectively. The kite avionics includes an inertial measurement unit, a magnetometer, two differential GNSS receivers and a flow visualization system. The latter was used to record surface tufts covering the kite extrados. The control unit has lateral steering and reel-in/reel-out capabilities through an automatic linear actuator and a winch. Moreover, it is equipped, among others, with load cells, a wind station and a novel visual motion tracking system. The latter is based on three cameras and an artificial neural network and has the capability of reconstructing the kite position and course angle. The results of a five-min flight were used to characterize the control of the delta kite and ground control unit. Linear correlations between the time derivative of the course angle and the delayed steering input and differential tether tension were identified. The dispersion between the time derivative of the course angle and the differential tether tension was lower, suggesting that such a variable may be adequate to close the control loop. The reconstructed kite position and course angle by the visual motion tracking system presented a good agreement with independent onboard data. Moreover, the three-camera system proved robust due to its nearly continuous operation (99.9% of the time), opening the possibility of using it as a redundant observation or backup system for the avionics.
Augmented Reality in Image-Guided Therapy to Improve Surgical Planning and Guidance
(2023-11) Pose Díez de la Lastra, Alicia; Pascau González-Garzón, Javier; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.; Pascau González-Garzón, Javier
The latest technological advancements have propelled image-guided therapy (IGT) to achieve remarkable progress in enhancing surgical outcomes. Traditional commercial navigation systems have been long used to provide surgical guidance by offering accurate pose information of surgical tools in relation to the patient. However, cost, and physical requirements limit their availability in many treatment scenarios. Moreover, they show information on external screens, diverting physicians' attention away from the patient. In contrast, augmented reality (AR) emerges as a promising solution, harnessing the potential to provide more affordable and space-efficient alternatives that deliver intuitive and immersive experiences within surgical scenarios. As such, this thesis explores the integration of this technology in the medical field, following IGT methodology to enhance surgical planning and guidance. AR technology can be deployed onto cost-effective, hand-held devices, offering a shared view of virtual information. Conversely, head-mounted displays (HMD), commonly called AR glasses, provide a more intuitive and immersive experience to the wearer. Previous works have explored AR solutions to enhance surgical workflows. However, their implementations often prove too specific for the targeted task or are hardly transferable to real clinical practice. In this thesis, we present universal solutions for both types of AR devices that aim to enhance surgical workflows. Our approaches have been meticulously developed in collaboration with expert clinicians, always incorporating real clinical experience, including patients' data, to ensure the robustness and direct translation of our advancements into clinical practice. We began by exploring the implementation of AR technology in microtia correction procedures using flat-screen devices. Accompanied by 3D printing technology, the AR application facilitates the precise creation and placement of a reconstructed ear within a patient. The approach's usability and accuracy were validated through controlled experiments, showcasing significant improvements over traditional methods, and achieving results comparable to state-of-the-art AR projection systems. Notably, the system underwent testing during an actual surgery, and the outcome demonstrated a divergence of only 2.7 ± 2.4 mm from the ideal plan. This minimal error accounts for morphometric deviations resulting from inflammation and other issues intended to be addressed in a subsequent stage of surgery. Consequently, we can confidently assert that the overall error induced by the AR system remains negligible, firmly supporting the adoption of hand-held AR for surgical guidance in similar scenarios. Excited by the promising results of our methodology, we transferred it to a HMD and explored the capabilities these devices offer to interact with virtual information. To kickstart, we integrated the AR tracking method presented in the previous chapter on the two generations of Microsoft's seethrough AR headsets. Employing patient-specific phantoms from orthopedic oncological surgeries, we calculated the AR projection accuracy attained by both models. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of the technical enhancements in the second model to endorse its use for surgical guidance. The favorable outcomes gleaned from our experimental analysis, coupled with the positive feedback received from surgeons, encouraged us to further our research in this domain. Then, we sought to develop an alternative method for automatic registration between the virtual and real worlds. Specifically, we compared the AR tracking capabilities offered by the Vuforia SDK with those provided by blob detection algorithms and image processing from depth camera information. We designed and conducted experiments both in simulation and surgical scenarios. Both tracking methods exhibited sufficiently low enough errors, affirming their suitability for clinical tasks. Consequently, we concluded that the choice between these methods can be based on the specific application requirements and the available resources. Despite the significant achievements in our previous work, we recognized that the limited computational capabilities of AR glasses compared to computers impose constraints on developing highly complex AR applications. In the final chapter of this thesis, we aimed to leverage the integration of 3D models into the real world offered by HMD and the medical image processing capabilities of 3D Slicer image computing platform. To achieve this, we utilized OpenIGTLink to establish a seamless communication link between both platforms, enabling the transfer of geometrical transformations and images in real time. The resulting application allows users to intuitively manipulate a virtual plane over a 3D model of a patient using their hands and simultaneously viewing real-time resliced CT images received from 3D Slicer. We tested this application in the clinical context of pedicle screw placement planning, although experimental outcomes indicated that the system could be readily adaptable to almost any other clinical application. The key contribution lies in the potential for easy communication with other HMD devices for collaborative decision-making, or even with other OpenIGTLink-compatible devices, such as conventional tracking systems. This integration not only may enhance the precision of the AR glasses but also broaden the scope of possible applications. Overall, our results will facilitate advanced surgical practices and seamless collaboration among medical professionals. Overall, the thesis demonstrates the transformative potential of integrating AR technology into surgical workflows, offering enhanced precision and improved outcomes.
Development of Models Simulating Multiple-Simultaneous Contact Events Using the Multibody System Dynamics
(2023-12) Gismeros Moreno, Raúl; Corral Abad, Eduardo; UC3M. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; Meneses Alonso, Jesús
The development of computing technology in the last decades has led to the emergence of a wide variety of methodologies aiming at reducing the costs of design, manufacturing and maintenance stages of products during their life cycle. Out of these three phases, maintenance has proved to have the biggest impact in most industrial contexts both in terms of energy consumption and economical costs. For this reason, the proposal of different techniques that allow an accurate simulation of the working conditions of mechanical systems and an early detection of any possible faults that can arise is of interest to researchers and industry. In this thesis, special attention is paid to the definition of computational modelling methodologies based on multibody dynamics which can be used as digital twins, which allow the virtualization of certain conditions of the real system, thus playing an important role in the early identification of potential issues, prediction of failures, and optimization of maintenance processes of industrial systems. Emphasis will be placed on the modelling of systems in which multiple contact events take place simultaneously, which is a trending and challenging research topic. In this regard, a comprehensive review of the existing methodologies is carried out. Then, an in-house code will be used to test the proposed algorithms by using a simple validation application. The conclusions obtained will subsequently be applied to the simulation of mechanical elements in working conditions. The results obtained are consistent with those available in the literature, both theoretical and experimental, and set a wide variety of paths for future research lines.
Desarrollo de aleaciones de alta entropía con Cu para su uso en reactores de fusión nuclear
(2023-10) Rodríguez López, Álvaro; UC3M. Departamento de Física; Comunidad de Madrid; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
High entropy alloys (HEAs) have garnered significant attention from both academic and industrial research communities due to their exceptional structural and functional properties. However, the exploration of Cu-based HEAs remains a relatively underexplored area, leading to a limited understanding of this alloy class. The primary objective of this thesis is to produce and characterize HEAs with low activation elements for potential application in nuclear fusion reactors. To accomplish this objective, the research is divided into three sections: i) Design, fabrication, and characterization of the CuCrFeVTi HEA family. The Cu content within the alloys was systematically varied to investigate the influence of this element on microstructure and mechanical properties. Based on the obtained results, the optimal Cu content was determined. ii) Study of the Cu5Cr35Fe35V20(Ti, Ta, W, Mo)5 HEA system. Four alloys were examined, each alloy varying a single element while maintaining the same atomic ratios as the most favorable composition determined in part i). Microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed, and the results were correlated to the compositional differences. iii) Assessment of HEAs as potential thermal barriers. The thermal properties of the Cu5Cr35Fe35V20(Ti, Ta, W, Mo)5 alloys were evaluated to determine their viability as thermal barriers. By undertaking this research, the thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of Cu-based HEAs containing low activation elements, with the ultimate goal of advancing their use in nuclear fusion reactor applications.
Aplicación de herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial como metodología emergente para el análisis de la toxicidad de la conversación en redes sociales
(2024-04) Carral Vilar, Uxia; Elías Pérez, Carlos José; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Se estudia una nueva metodología de inteligencia artificial (IA), entendiendo que la comunicación se presenta como uno de los campos de trabajo más trascendentes para su aplicación. Además de las fases de recolección y producción de contenido, otras áreas dentro del mundo de la comunicación como la distribución, y en concreto la moderación de comentarios -en plataformas sociales y en medios- también están viviendo un período de innovación, pero de forma menos evidente de cara a la audiencia. Por ello, en este trabajo de investigación se procede a conocer cómo el ensamblaje entre diversas herramientas de IA (Communalytic, Perspective API y Botometer) puede medir la calidad de la conversación y combatir la toxicidad en espacios comunicativos. Para ello, se han analizado 125,551 tweets publicados entre el 1 y el 15 de abril de 2023 correspondientes a quince políticos de España, Francia e Italia y a la cascada de contestaciones recibidas de sus audiencias. De esta manera, las herramientas de IA permiten conocer en detalle las tasas de diversas categorías de toxicidad y la tipología de la naturaleza de los usuarios que conversan. En consecuencia, se han abierto varias líneas de discusión sobre la generación de toxicidad y el incremento de bots según factores geográficos, institucionales y de género. Igualmente, se percibe una diferencia de comportamiento en los usuarios entre la conversación horizontal entre pares y la vertical con los políticos. Visto lo anterior, esta investigación muestra cómo una nueva metodología de IA ayuda a visibilizar y cuantificar nuevas realidades como la toxicidad online, con el fin último de llegar a erradicarla y sanear el debate en el mundo digital. Además, contradice los hallazgos previos sobre bots como difusores de toxicidad, demostrando que son los usuarios reales quienes amplifican el contenido tóxico.
Advanced Inference and Representation Learning Methods in Variational Autoencoders
(2023-04) Peis Aznarte, Ignacio; Artés Rodríguez, Antonio; Martínez Olmos, Pablo; UC3M. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones; Artés Rodríguez, Antonio
Deep Generative Models have gained significant popularity in the Machine Learning research community since the early 2010s. These models allow to generate realistic data by leveraging the power of Deep Neural Networks. The field experienced a significant breakthrough when Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) were introduced. VAEs revolutionized Deep Generative Modeling by providing a scalable and flexible framework that enables the generation of complex data distributions and the learning of potentially interpretable latent representations. They have proven to be a powerful tool in numerous applications, from image, sound and video generation to natural language processing or drug discovery, among others. At their core, VAEs encode natural information into a reduced latent space and decode the learned latent space into new synthetic data. Advanced versions of VAEs have been developed to handle challenges such as handling heterogeneous incomplete data, encoding into hierarchical latent spaces for representing abstract and richer concepts, or modeling sequential data, among others. These advances have expanded the capabilities of VAEs and made them a valuable tool in a wide range of fields. Despite the significant progress made in VAE research, there is still ample room for improvement in their current state-of-the-art. One of the major challenges is improving their approximate inference. VAEs typically assume Gaussian approximations of the posterior distribution of the latent variables in order to make the training objective tractable. The parameters of this approximation are provided by encoder networks. However, this approximation leads to a lower bounded objective, which can degrade the performance of any task that requires samples from the approximate posterior, due to the implicit bias. The second major challenge addressed in this thesis is related to achieving meaningful latent representations, or more broadly, how the latent space disentangles generative factors of variation. Ideally, the latent space would modulate meaningful properties separately within each dimension. However, Maximum Likelihood optimizations require the marginalization of latent variables, leading to non-unique solutions that may or may not achieve this desired disentanglement. Additionally, properties learned at the observation level in VAEs assume that every observation is generated independently, which may not be the case in some scenarios. To address these limitations, more robust VAEs have been developed to learn disentangled properties at the supervised group (also referred to as global) level. These models are capable of generating groups of data with shared properties. The work presented in this doctoral thesis focuses on the development of novel methods for improving the state-of-the-art in VAEs. Specifically, three fundamental challenges are addressed: achieving meaningful global latent representations, obtaining highly-flexible priors for learning more expressive models, and improving current approximate inference methods. As a first main contribution, an innovative technique named UG-VAE from Unsupervised-Global VAE, aims to enhance the ability of VAEs in capturing factors of variations at data (local) and group (global) level. By carefully desigining the encoder and the decoder, and throughout conductive experiments, it is demonstrated that UG-VAE is effective in capturing unsupervised global factors from images. Second, a non-trivial combination of highly-expressive Hierarchical VAEs with robust Markov Chain Monte Carlo inference (specifically Hamiltonian Monte Carlo), for which important issues are successfully resolved, is presented. The resulting model, referred to as the Hierarchical Hamiltonian VAE model for Mixed-type incomplete data (HH-VAEM), addresses the challenges associated with imputing and acquiring heterogeneous missing data. Throughout extensive experiments, it is demonstrated that HH-VAEM outperforms existing one-layered and Gaussian baselines in the tasks of missing data imputation and supervised learning with missing features, thanks to its improved inference and expressivity. Furthermore, another relevant contribution is presented, namely a sampling-based approach for efficiently computing the information gain when missing features are to be acquired with HH-VAEM. This approach leverages the advantages of HH-VAEM and is demonstrated to be effective in the same tasks.
On the compressive behaviour of woven CFRP laminates under high loading rate
(2024-01) Rodríguez Sereno, José Manuel; Pernas Sánchez, Jesús; Artero Guerrero, José Alfonso; UC3M. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras; López Puente, Jorge
En la industria aeronáutica, el rendimiento de los materiales compuestos ante un posible impacto es de gran interés en los últimos años. Aunque el efecto de la velocidad de deformación en materiales compuestos afecta significativamente el comportamiento mecánico, la mayoría de las investigaciones estudian este comportamiento sin tener en cuenta la dependencia de la velocidad de deformación en las propiedades mecánicas de dichos materiales. El presente estudio analiza la dependencia de la velocidad de deformación en el comportamiento durante un impacto de un laminado AS4-8552-AGP193-PW (también denominado AGP193-PW), compuesto de fibra de carbono con resina epoxi en configuración de tejido. Para ello, se realiza una caracterización de este material mediante ensayos de compresión a tres velocidades de deformación (hasta 500 s−1) y diferentes ángulos de orientación de las fibras para dibujar la envolvente de fallo. A continuación, se desarrolló un nuevo modelo constitutivo para implementar numéricamente el cambio en las propiedades mecánicas estudiadas del compuesto de tejido ante un cambio de la velocidad de deformación. Este modelo considera el comportamiento de cortadura no lineal, el inicio y la evolución del daño del material. Posteriormente, se estudió el efecto de orificios en muestras similares ensayadas a compresión a tres velocidades de deformación y diferentes ángulos de fibra, de igual manera que en los ensayos de caracterización. Además, se desarrolló un modelo de elementos finitos en Abaqus/Explicit para validar el comportamiento constitutivo propuesto, incluyendo una subrutina de usuario para programar el comportamiento del material. Las simulaciones numéricas predicen el comportamiento mecánico de las muestras con orificio bajo cargas cuasi-estáticas y dinámicas, donde se demuestra la importancia de implementar el efecto de la velocidad de deformación en las propiedades mecánicas. Finalmente, en este trabajo se ha estudiado el comportamiento ante impacto de laminados de AGP193-PW. Fragmentos de estos laminados fueron lanzados contra una barra Hopkinson con un rango amplio de velocidades de impacto (90-160 m/s). La metodología experimental desarrollada se ha mostrado como una forma efectiva de analizar los diferentes mecanismos de fallo durante el proceso de fractura cuando los fragmentos de compuesto tipo tejido actúan a modo de proyectil, proporcionando una mejor comprensión de su comportamiento físico. También se desarrolló un modelo de elementos finitos para simular los ensayos de impacto utilizando la subrutina de usuario de elemento sólido para programar el comportamiento del material compuesto. El modelo constitutivo se validó comparando las fuerzas e impulsos inducidos por los fragmentos en las pruebas experimentales y las simulaciones numéricas. Los modelos de elementos finitos también fueron esenciales para estudiar la influencia de las desviaciones en diferentes ejes de rotación ("yaw" y "pitch") del fragmento en la fuerza e impulso inducidos durante los impactos.
Tensions, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Implementation of Sustainability Financial Promises. A Legal Analysis of EU Prospectus Civil Liability
Cerrato García, Elia; Ramos Muñoz, David; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Compliance with Human Rights Standards in Life Sentencing: A Comparative Law Study of Spain's Prisión Permanente Revisable and Life Sentences in the United States of America
Sartorio, Pablo; Garrocho Salcedo, Ana María; UC3M. Departamento de Derecho Penal, Procesal e Historia del Derecho
Protection Scheme for Optimal Allocation of Green Distributed Generation in Iraqi Distribution Grid
(2024-03) Majeed, Ammar Abbas; Abderrahim Fichouche, Mohamed; Abbood Al-khazraji, Anwer; UC3M. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática; Abderrahim Fichouche, Mohamed
La construcción sociocultural de la realidad, del género y del amor
(2009) Herrera Gómez, Coral; Imbert, Gerard; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Comunicación
En esta tesis doctoral Coral Herrera Gómez ha investigado los procesos de construcción de la Realidad para analizar cómo aprendemos a ser hombres, cómo aprendemos a ser mujeres, y cómo aprendemos a relacionarnos sexual y afectivamente entre nosotros. La autora lleva a cabo una investigación sobre las dimensión política, social, económica, cultural, religiosa, sexual y emocional del amor de pareja y desmonta la utopía posmoderna e individualista del amor romántico, que ha servido como instrumento de control social y dominación de las mujeres durante siglos. La propuesta de Coral Herrera es analizar el mito romántico y la evolución histórica de nuestras formas de relacionarnos, para que podamos liberarnos colectivamente de las estructuras de relación patriarcales. Herrera cree que el amor tiene un potencial revolucionario y transformador que podría ayudarnos a construir un mundo mejor y a organizarnos en estructuras basadas en la igualdad, la cooperación, la ayuda mutua, el trabajo en equipo, la solidaridad y el compañerismo. La investigadora afirma que lo romántico es político, que otras realidades y otras formas de quererse, de relacionarse y de organizarse son posibles.
La representación femenina en el cine iraní: mujeres cineastas e identidad
(2024-02) Sadeghian, Negar; Ibáñez Fernández, Juan Carlos; Zahedi, Farshad; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Comunicación; Zahedi, Farshad
En el contexto de esta investigación se analiza la representación de las mujeres en el cine iraní posterior a la revolución de 1979, centrándose especialmente en las películas dirigidas por mujeres y su impacto en la búsqueda de la igualdad de género. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es examinar cómo estas películas, dentro del cine de mujeres en Irán, reflejan las desigualdades de género presentes en la sociedad, siendo algunas directoras sutiles en su enfoque y otras desafiando abiertamente las normas patriarcales. Al tener en cuenta estos objetivos, la metodología consiste en seleccionar una muestra significativa de las películas y acudir a la revisión de literatura generada a partir del estreno de las mismas, así como analizar la narrativa de las películas dentro del marco teórico de la tesis. Este marco teórico abarca los estudios sobre cine de mujeres en Irán y la representación femenina en este cine y su evolución posterior a la revolución, así como las teorías de la representación. Entre los resultadosse puede destacar la importancia del cine de mujeres y del cine iraní en general en la representación de las mujeres en la sociedad iraní, ya que han obtenido reconocimiento a nivel internacional. Su influencia se extiende más allá de la pantalla, promoviendo la reflexión, la resistencia y el desarrollo del feminismo iraní en la búsqueda de la igualdad de género en la sociedad.
Co-creación documental: una apuesta para la recuperación de memorias en comunidades víctimas de la violencia en el Caribe colombiano
(2024-02) Marín Trejos, Sorany; Eiroa San Francisco, Matilde; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Comunicación
La costa norte de Colombia ha estado expuesta a una violencia histórica ejercida principalmente por grupos armados ilegales. En las narrativas del Estado, medios tradicionales, realizaciones cinematográficas e incluso trabajos académicos emergen imaginarios aceptados como ciertos, que distan muchas veces de las formas en que las comunidades se sobreponen a la violencia. A contracorriente, entre las distintas iniciativas de memoria y paz en las comunidades locales, la presente tesis doctoral propone la existencia de procesos de co-creación documental surgidos desde el año 2000, que subvierten los discursos hegemónicos y las representaciones exógenas que han referido y configurado las historias, haciendo uso de rostros y voces humanas, pero bajo estéticas, procesos y códigos expresivos en la que estos grupos sociales no intervienen. La co-creación documental establece una ruptura epistemológica del “crear sobre los otros” para “crear con los otros”, a partir de una compleja relación horizontal entre participantes externos y miembros de las comunidades para el intercambio de saberes y el posicionamiento de proyectos democráticos, con abordajes interdisciplinarios que propician nuevas formas de medios que se alinean con los avances tecnológicos, la ciencia y las movilizaciones populares. Un ecosistema dialógico que evoluciona desde dentro de las comunidades en el ejercicio de sus identidades y resistencias ante los desafíos que conllevan las diversas transformaciones sociales y mediáticas. Por medio de una metodología mixta: encuesta, entrevista en profundidad y objetivación participativa llevada a tres comunidades rurales y un colectivo social, se busca valorar el uso de la co-creación documental como modelo de producción colectiva que podría estimular nuevas formas de representación, reflexión ética, construcción de memoria y reivindicación.
Public Service Media from an Audience Perspective: Citizen's Attitudes and Perceptions of Spain's National Broadcaster (TVE)
(2024-02) Campos Rueda, Marcela; Goyanes Martínez, Manuel; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Comunicación; Herrera Damas, Dacil Susana
For traditional Public Service Broadcasters (PBS), the transition to Public Service Media (PSM) has been, and still is, an arduous and uncertain process. In an ever evolving, digital, and multiplatform environment marked by the overabundance of content, their roles and functions are under severe scrutiny. In this context, the normative expectations for PSM, their performance, and public value have been extensively discussed from a theoretical and regulatory approach. However, studies from an audience perspective are still relatively scarce. If, ultimately, citizenship is PSM’s primary stakeholder, it is crucial to learn what citizens expect from them and how they assess their performance. Drawing upon representative survey data from Spain (N = 1717) and through three quantitative studies, I have explored Spanish citizens’ perceptions of Spain’s National Television (TVE) and the role of PSM consumption and political attitudes in shaping these perceptions. The results show respondents’ strong adherence to the normative roles associated with PSM and reaffirm the critical role of consumption in yielding a positive view toward PSM and its need. Ideology and populist attitudes are strong predictors of performance assessment of PSM, which is a reminder of their role as pivotal institutions of liberal democracies. This dissertation reaffirms the urgent need for Spanish PSM to reconnect with its audience and finally find a way to achieve institutional stability and factual independence.
De la dramaturgia al deporte y del deporte a la dramaturgia: procedimientos y dinámicas en el teatro español 1963-2022
(2024-02) Estaire de la Rosa, Félix Eduardo; Soria Tomás, Guadalupe; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Humanidades: Filosofía, Lenguaje y Literatura; Soria Tomás, Guadalupe
El viaje de las protagonistas en las narcotelenovelas (2010-2019): poder, “no femenino” y violencia
(2024-02) Peña-Cañas, Jacqueline Johana; Galán Fajardo, Helena María; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Comunicación
A partir del año 2005 se observa un creciente protagonismo de personajes femeninos en las narcotelenovelas latinoamericanas. Sus historias, ambientadas en el mundo del narcotráfico y del crimen organizado, se globalizan a partir de 2010 debido al surgimiento de las plataformas de streaming. Esta investigación se ubica epistemológicamente en el campo de los estudios culturales latinoamericanos y el feminismo interseccional. Como objetivo principal se plantea analizar las dinámicas de ascenso al poder de estos personajes en la estructura jerárquica del narconegocio. Para ello, se seleccionan aquellas narcotelenovelas donde sus protagonistas hayan llegado a convertirse en las jefas del mismo. Se pretende determinar así si su posición como dueñas o jefas del negocio se puede considerar, o no, como un acto de “empoderamiento” (Ruiz, 2016; Vásquez, 2017; Pannetier, 2021). Para demostrar lo anterior se hace un análisis narratológico de tipo comparativo a partir de los modelos del viaje heroico de Campbell (1946), Vogler (1992), Murdock (1990) y Rivera (2018) —los dos últimos incluyen variables de clase social, nacionalidad y género, en el caso de Murdock—. Con el fin de esclarecer los sistemas de autorregulación social, la violencia es analizada a partir del concepto del “no femenino” (Peña, 2018), entendido como la negación por parte de las mujeres a asumir los múltiples mandatos de la sociedad patriarcal. Se concluye que su ascenso en la jerarquía presenta mayor similitud con el modelo propuesto por Rivera (2018) lo que indica que, lejos de suponer un verdadero empoderamiento, las series seleccionadas no renuevan ni cuestionan las estructuras de poder hegemónico, sino que lo asumen y lo reproducen en procesos de “necroempoderamiento” (Valencia, 2010). Así, la violencia se convierte en el mecanismo ejercido por las protagonistas para alcanzar y mantener el mando, pero también es utilizada contra ellas con una función ejemplarizante y como medio de advertencia para evitar que se transgredan los roles de género tradicionales.
Los nuevos escenarios de creación cultural: arte, diseño y arquitectura. Una aproximación a las tres fases de capitalismo artístico de Gilles Lipovetsky
(2024-02) Poppe Mújica, Fátima; Camarero Gómez, María Gloria; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Humanidades: Historia, Geografía y Arte; Camarero Gómez, María Gloria
Estudio comparativo de la polisemia en español y en chino desde la perspectiva de la metáfora conceptual
(2024-02) Liu, Xu; Pavón Lucero, María Victoria; Suárez Hernández, Ariana; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Humanidades: Filosofía, Lenguaje y Literatura; Pavón Lucero, María Victoria
El subjuntivo en oraciones sustantivas: propuestas para estudiantes chinos de E/LE
(2024-02) Ji, Tianrui; Pavón Lucero, María Victoria; Padilla Herrada, María Soledad; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Humanidades: Filosofía, Lenguaje y Literatura; Pavón Lucero, María Victoria
Development and characterization of novel sustainable thermoplastic composites reinforced with mechanically recycled carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites
(2023-11) Butenegro García, José Antonio; Martínez Casanova, Miguel Ángel; Abenojar Buendía, Juana; UC3M. Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química; Martínez Casanova, Miguel Ángel
In this Doctoral Thesis, the challenges surrounding the recycling and reuse of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials have been thoroughly investigated. These challenges emerge from the increasing demand for sustainable materials, especially in fields where performance, weight, and strength are paramount. The increasing amount of CFRP waste requires new processes to reintroduce waste into the production cycle. Current recycling methods for CFRPs, predominantly mechanical ones, have limitations, notably in the reduction of fiber lengths which impacts their mechanical behavior. Consequently, this research work has explored methods to obtain recycled CFRPs from long fibers and recycled composite materials from the civil engineering and aerospace industry. Moreover, innovative recycling pathways that avoid degradation of carbon fibers have been explored. This approach has led to improved reuse in new composite materials, ultimately resulting in reduced environmental impact by reducing waste volumes. The manufactured composites were rigorously characterized for its mechanical, thermal, chemical and thermomechanical properties. The results derived from this research are promising, proving the feasibility of manufacturing thermoplastic matrices reinforced with recycled composite materials from the civil engineering and aerospace industry. The results not only underline the potential of manufactured composites to meet the demands of sustainable materials but also offer a pathway for improving the mechanical performance of CFRPs.

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