Generación de Microondas mediante Técnicas basadas en Fotónica Integrada para Cargas de Pago Satelitales Flexibles
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2024-03
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2024-05-17
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Abstract
ESta Tesis doctoral realiza un estudio entre las distintas técnicas de generación de frecuencia en rango de microondas y milimétricas basadas en técnicas fotónicas, para encontrar la que más se adecue al campo de las Comunicaciones Satélite. Más específicamente, para cargas de pago útiles de alto rendimiento. La Tesis focaliza principalmente en sistemas que sean capaces de ser integrados en chip como parámetro clave. Se presentarán algunas de las estructuras basadas en láseres de semiconductor integrados más novedosas de la última década, con las que se pretende la generación de radiofrecuencia en las bandas Ka(25 GHz), Q(32 GHz) y V(50 GHz), como bandas de interés. Estás estructuras de láseres tienen como punto fuerte la capacidad de sintonización. Pueden cubrir todo el rango de microondas y milimétricas, manteniendo un tamaño, peso y consumo reducidos. Este factor supone una gran ventaja con respecto a los sistemas de radiofrecuencia convencionales. El mayor inconveniente es la estabilidad de la señal generada. La tesis propone un estudio de tres técnicas de generación basadas en láseres monomodo, láseres pulsados y láseres de cavidad extendida. Los láseres monomodo se han planteado desde el punto de vista de la utilización de distintas plataformas de integración, como el fosfuro de indio monolítico y el fosfuro de
indio con polímero híbrido. Como figuras de mérito, utilizando láseres de semiconductor fabricados en fosfuro de indio monolítico se ha reportado una estabilidad de portadora eléctrica a 21 GHz de 300 MHz en 5 minutos de medida. Utilizando láseres de semiconductor en la plataforma híbrida de fosfuro de indio con polímero con una estabilidad de portadora eléctrica a 23 GHz de 120 MHz en 5 minutos de medida. Se ha planteado el uso de láseres pulsados para aumentar la estabilidad de la señal generada. Se ha utilizado una estructura láser conocida como láser de mode-locking. Mediante este dispositivo se ha reportado estabilidad de señal generada a 33 GHz de 2 MHz en 5 minutos de medida. Y por último, utilizando láseres integrados de cavidad extendida fabricados en una plataforma híbrida de fosfuro de indio con nitruro de silicio se ha reportado la estabilidad de señal generada a 25 GHz menor de 30 MHz en 10 horas de medida, siendo la opción que más se ajusta de las tres estudiadas. En esta tesis, se analiza también la técnica de generación basada en modulación externa como alternativa a la generación de frecuencia puramente con láseres. Se ha analizado desde el punto de vista integrado donde se ha demostrado la generación de señal desde DC hasta 16 GHz en un chip fabricado en la plataforma integrada de fosfuro de indio. Para compensar las limitaciones en frecuencia de la plataforma de integración se ha planteado la implementación utilizando componentes discretos donde se ha demostrado la generación de señal desde DC hasta 100 GHz utilizando esta técnica. Finalmente, se presenta el proyecto THORMUX. Proyecto financiado por la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) que fue concebido a raíz de los resultados obtenidos durante el desarrollo de esta tesis. Su principal objetivo es la implementación de un multiplexor/ demultiplexor fotónico capaz de trabajar en las bandas Ka, Q y V. Se presentarán
algunos de los resultados preliminares obtenidos durante las primeras fases del proyecto y las líneas futuras a seguir.
TH I S Doctoral Thesis performs a study among the different techniques of frequency generation in microwave and millimeter-wave range using photonic based-on techniques, to find the most suitable one for Satellite Communications (SatComs). More specifically, for high throughput satellites. The thesis focuses mainly on systems that are able to be integrated on-chip. Some of the most novel structures of integrated semiconductor lasers of the last decade will be presented, aiming the frequency generation in the Ka(25 GHz), Q(32 GHz) and V(50 GHz) bands. These laser structures have tunability as a key point. They can cover the entire microwave and millimeter range, while keeping low size, weight and reduced power consumption. This is a major advantage over conventional radio frequency systems. The main drawback is the stability of the generated signal. The thesis proposes a study of three generation techniques based on single-mode lasers, pulsed lasers and extended cavity lasers. Single-mode lasers have been approached from the point of view of using different integration platforms, such as monolithic indium phosphide and hybrid polymer indium phosphide. As figures of merit, using semiconductor lasers fabricated on monolithic indium phosphide a signal stability generated at 21 GHz of 300 MHz in 5 minutes of measurement has been reported. Using semiconductor lasers on the polymer indium phosphide hybrid platform with a generated signal stability at 23 GHz of 120 MHz in 5 minutes of measurement. The use of pulsed lasers has been proposed to increase the stability of the generated signal. A laser structure known as mode-locked laser has been used. This device has reported stability at 33 GHz generated signal of 2 MHz in 5 minutes of measurement. And finally, using extended cavity integrated lasers fabricated on a hybrid platform of indium phosphide with silicon nitride, the stability of the signal generated at 25 GHz of less than 30 MHz in 10 minutes of measurement has been reported, being the most suitable of the three studied. In this thesis, the generation technique based on external modulation as an alternative to frequency generation purely based on lasers is also studied. It has been analyzed from the integrated point of view where signal generation from DC to 16 GHz has been demonstrated on a chip fabricated on the indium phosphide integrated platform. In order to compensate the frequency limitations of the integration platform, the implementation using discrete components has been proposed where signal generation from DC to 100 GHz has been demonstrated using this technique. Finally, the THORMUX project is presented. This project is funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and was conceived due to a great part of the results obtained during the development of this thesis. The main objective is the implementation of a photonic multiplexer/demultiplexer capable of working in Ka, Q and V bands. Some of the preliminary results obtained during the first stages of the project and the future lines will be presented.
TH I S Doctoral Thesis performs a study among the different techniques of frequency generation in microwave and millimeter-wave range using photonic based-on techniques, to find the most suitable one for Satellite Communications (SatComs). More specifically, for high throughput satellites. The thesis focuses mainly on systems that are able to be integrated on-chip. Some of the most novel structures of integrated semiconductor lasers of the last decade will be presented, aiming the frequency generation in the Ka(25 GHz), Q(32 GHz) and V(50 GHz) bands. These laser structures have tunability as a key point. They can cover the entire microwave and millimeter range, while keeping low size, weight and reduced power consumption. This is a major advantage over conventional radio frequency systems. The main drawback is the stability of the generated signal. The thesis proposes a study of three generation techniques based on single-mode lasers, pulsed lasers and extended cavity lasers. Single-mode lasers have been approached from the point of view of using different integration platforms, such as monolithic indium phosphide and hybrid polymer indium phosphide. As figures of merit, using semiconductor lasers fabricated on monolithic indium phosphide a signal stability generated at 21 GHz of 300 MHz in 5 minutes of measurement has been reported. Using semiconductor lasers on the polymer indium phosphide hybrid platform with a generated signal stability at 23 GHz of 120 MHz in 5 minutes of measurement. The use of pulsed lasers has been proposed to increase the stability of the generated signal. A laser structure known as mode-locked laser has been used. This device has reported stability at 33 GHz generated signal of 2 MHz in 5 minutes of measurement. And finally, using extended cavity integrated lasers fabricated on a hybrid platform of indium phosphide with silicon nitride, the stability of the signal generated at 25 GHz of less than 30 MHz in 10 minutes of measurement has been reported, being the most suitable of the three studied. In this thesis, the generation technique based on external modulation as an alternative to frequency generation purely based on lasers is also studied. It has been analyzed from the integrated point of view where signal generation from DC to 16 GHz has been demonstrated on a chip fabricated on the indium phosphide integrated platform. In order to compensate the frequency limitations of the integration platform, the implementation using discrete components has been proposed where signal generation from DC to 100 GHz has been demonstrated using this technique. Finally, the THORMUX project is presented. This project is funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and was conceived due to a great part of the results obtained during the development of this thesis. The main objective is the implementation of a photonic multiplexer/demultiplexer capable of working in Ka, Q and V bands. Some of the preliminary results obtained during the first stages of the project and the future lines will be presented.
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Keywords
Comunicaciones Satélite, Láseres de semiconductor integrados, Técnicas fotónicas, Modulación externa, Aplicaciones satélite