Publication: Diseño y construcción de su sistema ORSAT modificado para el análisis de biogas
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2010-10
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2010-10-08
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Abstract
Este trabajo busca comprobar la viabilidad del Aparato de Orsat para realizar análisis de gases, concretamente del biogás producido en un digestor anaerobio. Con un análisis volumétrico de gases en base seca (no tiene en cuenta el vapor de agua presente en los gases de combustión) se conocerá la composición de la muestra. Está basado en la absorción del gas mediante el proceso de quimisorción, con soluciones o reactivos de hidróxido de potasio (KOH, absorbe el CO2), de ácido pirogálico (C6H6O3, absorbe el O2) y de cloruro cuproso (CuCl, absorbe el CO). Es necesario conocer la presión y temperatura a la que se encuentra la muestra que se pretende analizar con el Aparato de Orsat, ya que al ser un gas estas variables influyen notablemente. Además, se decidió añadir al proyecto una aportación personal, mediante la implementación de un método alternativo para la medición del poder calorífico inferior (PCI) de dicho biogás. Para ello se construyó un aparato para la cuantificación del biogás (gasómetro) así como para el almacenamiento del mismo. Alternativamente se comprobó el rendimiento de la combustión en condiciones reales de quemado, y en función de la distancia de la llama de un mechero Busen a un matraz que contenía agua para calentar. __________________________________________________
This project looks after proving the viability of ORSAT’s Apparatus, in order to make some gases analysis, specifically the biogas produced in an anaerobic digestor. Using a volumetric analysis of dry basis gases (it ignores the water vapor of combustion gases) it would be possible to determine the sample composition. It is based on gas absorption, and it has three chemical solutions, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), which absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2), pyrogallic acid (C6H6O3), which absorbs oxygen (O2), and cuprous chloride (CuCl), which absorbs carbon monoxide (CO). It is necessary to know the pressure and temperature of the sample that it is going to be analyzed with ORSAT’s Apparatus, due to the fact that these variables affect notably on the results. Furthermore, it was decided to add to the project a personal input, through the implementation of an alternative method to measure the lower heating value (LHV). To achieve this task, a gas storage device was built in order to quantify and store the biogas. Alternately the combustion performance was checked in real combustion conditions, and depending on the flame distance between a Bunsen burner and a flask that contained water to be heated.
This project looks after proving the viability of ORSAT’s Apparatus, in order to make some gases analysis, specifically the biogas produced in an anaerobic digestor. Using a volumetric analysis of dry basis gases (it ignores the water vapor of combustion gases) it would be possible to determine the sample composition. It is based on gas absorption, and it has three chemical solutions, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), which absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2), pyrogallic acid (C6H6O3), which absorbs oxygen (O2), and cuprous chloride (CuCl), which absorbs carbon monoxide (CO). It is necessary to know the pressure and temperature of the sample that it is going to be analyzed with ORSAT’s Apparatus, due to the fact that these variables affect notably on the results. Furthermore, it was decided to add to the project a personal input, through the implementation of an alternative method to measure the lower heating value (LHV). To achieve this task, a gas storage device was built in order to quantify and store the biogas. Alternately the combustion performance was checked in real combustion conditions, and depending on the flame distance between a Bunsen burner and a flask that contained water to be heated.
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Biogas, Análisis de gases, ORSAT, Gases de combustión