Publication: Innovación tecnológica en bibliotecas públicas municipales de Lima: un estudio exploratorio, diagnóstico y propuesta de líneas estratégicas
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2020-04-14
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2020-03-30
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Abstract
La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como finalidad realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre la innovación tecnológica en los servicios de las bibliotecas públicas municipales de Lima (Perú). Asimismo, realizar un diagnóstico y diseñar líneas estratégicas para su desarrollo.
Las bibliotecas municipales de Lima, se ubican en la capital del Perú. Estas instituciones tienen un escaso apoyo, lo que ocasiona un desaprovechamiento de su potencial en el acceso al conocimiento, igualmente, tienen un insuficiente desarrollo en el ámbito tecnológico y de gestión, por consiguiente, carece de innovación tecnológica en sus servicios. Por tanto, para alcanzar los objetivos trazados y describir la situación, la investigación está constituida en cinco partes esenciales.
En primer lugar, se presenta el estado de cuestión, donde se muestran conceptos y características primordiales que se utiliza para el análisis del objeto de estudio, que son: sociedad del conocimiento, innovación tecnológica, innovación bibliotecaria y el futuro de la biblioteca pública. Dentro de la innovación bibliotecaria, se contemplan tipos de innovaciones, elementos de innovación, áreas de innovación; así también, se muestra las tendencias en el ámbito bibliotecario. En relación con el futuro de la biblioteca pública, se indica los nuevos escenarios y el entorno de cambio al que se enfrenta.
En segundo lugar, se describe las áreas de innovación tecnológica en bibliotecas públicas con sus respectivas herramientas, siendo para esta investigación siete categorías, donde se aprecia tanto el concepto, antecedentes, las funciones, sus aplicaciones y prácticas realizadas por bibliotecas públicas alrededor del mundo, estas son las siguientes: Los servicios basados en la Web Social (2.0) y sus herramientas blogs, microbloggings, wikis, sindicación de contenidos – RSS, plataformas de documentos, fotografías y videos, redes sociales, catálogo social, podcasting, geoaplicaciones, mashup, chat, entre otras aplicaciones; los servicios basados en el entorno móvil y sus herramientas, aplicaciones móviles, códigos QR, realidad aumentada, mensajería instantánea móvil, balizas (en inglés, beacons) y tecnología de comunicación de campo cercano (en sus siglas en inglés, NFC); sedes web de bibliotecas, uso y acceso a Internet, servicio de autopréstamo y circulación documental, servicios basados en plataformas para gestión de contenidos y; los servicios basados en nuevas tecnologías y sus herramientas realidad virtual, inteligencia artificial, impresoras tridimensionales, robots, drones y cartelería virtual.
En tercer lugar, se describe el entorno de las bibliotecas públicas municipales de Lima, a partir, de las cifras de sociedad del conocimiento del Perú y aspectos, como el proceso histórico, políticas públicas, acceso a las TIC, características del usuario de Internet, la lectura digital y uso de redes sociales. Seguidamente, se expone aspectos legales e históricos de la biblioteca pública municipal en el Perú y características generales de la ciudad de Lima. Para luego, realizar un análisis cuantitativo que aborda datos de cobertura,
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colección, servicios, personal, infraestructura, equipos tecnológicos y usuarios con datos proporcionados por el Registro nacional de Municipalidades (RENAMU) (2013-2018). Así también, se realiza una medición del desempeño de las bibliotecas públicas municipales de Lima, a través de los “Estándares para bibliotecas públicas municipales” diseñado por la “Biblioteca Nacional del Perú” y un análisis comparativo entre las bibliotecas de Lima y Madrid basado en los indicadores de rendimiento de las “Comunidades Autónomas” y el “Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte” (MECD).
En cuarto lugar, se presenta los resultados del estudio sobre innovación tecnológica en Bibliotecas Públicas Municipales de Lima aplicando un cuestionario para la recolección de datos elaborado para este estudio, donde se demuestra el bajo nivel de uso de tecnologías, lo cual ocasiona un insuficiente desarrollo de innovación en las bibliotecas entre 2017-2018. En esta parte, se examina los escasos servicios innovadores que tienen las bibliotecas de la ciudad en las siete categorías propuestas, asimismo, se manifiesta las percepciones de los encargados de estas unidades de información sobre el tema de innovación, como la labor de la biblioteca en el contexto actual y el aprovechamiento de las tecnologías. Además, se expone una serie de buenas prácticas realizadas por las bibliotecas, y se demuestra que a pesar de las limitaciones se pueden realizar diversas actividades para sus comunidades.
Por último, en quinto lugar, se presenta un diagnóstico de las bibliotecas públicas municipales de Lima y las líneas estratégicas para iniciar la renovación de estas instituciones. Dentro del diagnóstico prevalecen tres asuntos que son: la escasa visibilidad de las bibliotecas dentro de los gobiernos locales, asimismo, la carencia de tecnologías en los servicios y la escasez de profesionales de la Información dirigiendo estos centros. Por tanto, se muestra una serie de temas fundamentales que son considerados en este diagnóstico, que son: La posición de las bibliotecas de Lima en el Siglo XXI, personal especializado ausente, la tecnología fuera del alcance de las bibliotecas, los usuarios jóvenes, la experiencia de la meta 27 y 06 en la promoción de la lectura, la ausencia de la red de bibliotecas en la ciudad, recursos limitados, bibliotecas escasamente inclusivas, necesidad de un marco legal adecuado, la inclusión de las bibliotecas en la agenda nacional y la cultura de la participación en las bibliotecas. De este diagnóstico, se diseñaron una propuesta de cinco líneas estratégicas con sus respectivos objetivos, acciones e indicadores que son las siguientes: Red de bibliotecas públicas municipales de Lima, personal capacitado e innovador, presencia digital de la biblioteca, diversificación de servicios y espacios, y biblioteca centrado en la comunidad.
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to realize an exploratory study on the technological innovation of the services in Lima’s (Peru) public municipal libraries. Also, purpose a diagnostic is undertaken and strategic lines for its development are designed. The municipal libraries of Lima, are located in the capital of Peru. These institutions have little support, which leads to a waste of their potential with regards to access to knowledge. Also, their development in the technological and administrative field is insufficient, which is the reason for a lack of technological innovation regarding their services. Therefore, to achieve the objectives set and to describe the situation, the investigation consists of five essential parts. In the first place, the state of the art is presented, referencing fundamental concepts that are used for the analysis of the object of study. They encompass: knowledge society, technological innovation, library innovation and the future of the public library. Within library innovation, types of innovations, elements of innovation, and areas of innovation are reflected upon; likewise, current trends in the field of library studies are pointed out. With respect to the future of the public library, new scenarios and the changing environment it faces are indicated. Secondly, areas of technological innovation in public libraries with their respective tools are described, for this research referencing seven categories in which the concept, background, functions, applications and practices carried out by public libraries around the world are recognized. These are the following: the specific services on the Social Web (2.0) and its tools blogs, microblogging, wikis, content syndication – RSS, document platforms, photographs and videos, social networks, social catalogue, podcasting, Geoapplications, mashup, chat, among other applications; the services specified in the mobile environment and its tools, mobile applications, QR codes, augmented reality, mobile instant messaging, beacons and near-field communication technology (NFC); library web sites, use and access to the Internet, automatic loan service and document circulation, controlled services on platforms for content management and; the services identified in new technologies and their tools virtual reality, artificial intelligence, three-dimensional printers, robots, drones and virtual signage. Thirdly, the environment of the Lima public municipal libraries is described, based on Peru’s knowledge society indicators and aspects such as the historical process, public policies, access to ICTs, characteristics of the Internet user, digital reading and use of social networks. Next, legal and historical aspects of the municipal public library in Peru and general characteristics of the city of Lima are presented. Then, a quantitative analysis is performed that addresses coverage, collection, services, personnel, infrastructure, technological equipment and user data, relying on data provided by the Registro Nacional 23 de Municipalidades (RENAMU) (2013-2018). Likewise, a measurement of the performance of the municipal public libraries of Lima is carried out, through the “Estándares para bibliotecas públicas municipales” designed by the “Biblioteca Nacional del Perú” as well as a comparative analysis between the libraries of Lima and Madrid based on the performance indicators of the “Comunidades Autónomas” and the “Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte” (MECD). Fourth, the results of the study on technological innovation in Lima’s Municipal Public Libraries are presented applying a questionnaire for data collection prepared for this study, which demonstrates the low level of use of technologies, which causes an insufficient development of innovation in libraries between 2017 and 2018. In this part, we examine the few innovative services that the city's libraries exhibit in the seven proposed categories, as well as the perceptions of those persons responsible for these information units on the topic of innovation, such as the work of the library in the current context and the use of technologies. In addition, a series of good practices carried out by libraries is shown, and it is demonstrated that despite the limitations, various activities can be carried out for their communities. Finally, in the fifth place, a diagnosis of the municipal public libraries of Lima and the strategic lines to initiate the renovation of these institutions is presented. Within the diagnosis, three issues prevail: the limited visibility of libraries within local governments, the lack of technology in services and the shortage of information professionals directing these centres. Therefore, a series of fundamental issues can be observed that are specific for this diagnosis, namely: The position of the libraries of Lima in the 21st century, lack of specialized personnel, technology outside the reach of libraries, young users, the experience of goal 27 and 06 in the promotion of reading, the absence of a library network in the city, limited resources, poor performance in terms of inclusiveness, the need for an adequate legal framework, the inclusion of libraries in the national agenda and the culture of participation in libraries. From this diagnosis, a proposal of five strategic lines was designed with the following strategic objectives, actions and indicators: Network of public libraries in Lima, trained and innovative personnel, digital presence of the library, diversification of services and spaces, and community-centered library.
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to realize an exploratory study on the technological innovation of the services in Lima’s (Peru) public municipal libraries. Also, purpose a diagnostic is undertaken and strategic lines for its development are designed. The municipal libraries of Lima, are located in the capital of Peru. These institutions have little support, which leads to a waste of their potential with regards to access to knowledge. Also, their development in the technological and administrative field is insufficient, which is the reason for a lack of technological innovation regarding their services. Therefore, to achieve the objectives set and to describe the situation, the investigation consists of five essential parts. In the first place, the state of the art is presented, referencing fundamental concepts that are used for the analysis of the object of study. They encompass: knowledge society, technological innovation, library innovation and the future of the public library. Within library innovation, types of innovations, elements of innovation, and areas of innovation are reflected upon; likewise, current trends in the field of library studies are pointed out. With respect to the future of the public library, new scenarios and the changing environment it faces are indicated. Secondly, areas of technological innovation in public libraries with their respective tools are described, for this research referencing seven categories in which the concept, background, functions, applications and practices carried out by public libraries around the world are recognized. These are the following: the specific services on the Social Web (2.0) and its tools blogs, microblogging, wikis, content syndication – RSS, document platforms, photographs and videos, social networks, social catalogue, podcasting, Geoapplications, mashup, chat, among other applications; the services specified in the mobile environment and its tools, mobile applications, QR codes, augmented reality, mobile instant messaging, beacons and near-field communication technology (NFC); library web sites, use and access to the Internet, automatic loan service and document circulation, controlled services on platforms for content management and; the services identified in new technologies and their tools virtual reality, artificial intelligence, three-dimensional printers, robots, drones and virtual signage. Thirdly, the environment of the Lima public municipal libraries is described, based on Peru’s knowledge society indicators and aspects such as the historical process, public policies, access to ICTs, characteristics of the Internet user, digital reading and use of social networks. Next, legal and historical aspects of the municipal public library in Peru and general characteristics of the city of Lima are presented. Then, a quantitative analysis is performed that addresses coverage, collection, services, personnel, infrastructure, technological equipment and user data, relying on data provided by the Registro Nacional 23 de Municipalidades (RENAMU) (2013-2018). Likewise, a measurement of the performance of the municipal public libraries of Lima is carried out, through the “Estándares para bibliotecas públicas municipales” designed by the “Biblioteca Nacional del Perú” as well as a comparative analysis between the libraries of Lima and Madrid based on the performance indicators of the “Comunidades Autónomas” and the “Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte” (MECD). Fourth, the results of the study on technological innovation in Lima’s Municipal Public Libraries are presented applying a questionnaire for data collection prepared for this study, which demonstrates the low level of use of technologies, which causes an insufficient development of innovation in libraries between 2017 and 2018. In this part, we examine the few innovative services that the city's libraries exhibit in the seven proposed categories, as well as the perceptions of those persons responsible for these information units on the topic of innovation, such as the work of the library in the current context and the use of technologies. In addition, a series of good practices carried out by libraries is shown, and it is demonstrated that despite the limitations, various activities can be carried out for their communities. Finally, in the fifth place, a diagnosis of the municipal public libraries of Lima and the strategic lines to initiate the renovation of these institutions is presented. Within the diagnosis, three issues prevail: the limited visibility of libraries within local governments, the lack of technology in services and the shortage of information professionals directing these centres. Therefore, a series of fundamental issues can be observed that are specific for this diagnosis, namely: The position of the libraries of Lima in the 21st century, lack of specialized personnel, technology outside the reach of libraries, young users, the experience of goal 27 and 06 in the promotion of reading, the absence of a library network in the city, limited resources, poor performance in terms of inclusiveness, the need for an adequate legal framework, the inclusion of libraries in the national agenda and the culture of participation in libraries. From this diagnosis, a proposal of five strategic lines was designed with the following strategic objectives, actions and indicators: Network of public libraries in Lima, trained and innovative personnel, digital presence of the library, diversification of services and spaces, and community-centered library.
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Keywords
Innovación, Innovación tecnológica, Bibliotecas públicas, Análisis, Diagnóstico, Líneas estratégicas, Lima, Perú, Innovation, Technological innovation, Public libraries, Analysis, Diagnosis, Strategic lines, Agenda 2030, ODS, SDG