Publication: Optimización de contratación de electricidad para consumidores domésticos y pymes
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2016-06
Defense date
2016-06-23
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Abstract
En el presente proyecto se describen los procesos que han dado lugar al sistema eléctrico del que disponemos actualmente, cómo hemos ido evolucionando hacia la liberalización del mercado, lo que ha permitido disfrutar de las opciones de contratación presentes hoy en día en el mercado. Partiendo de esa base, y como objetivo principal, se describen los mecanismos necesarios para la optimización de la factura eléctrica.
En primer lugar se realiza una breve introducción de los temas a tratar en este proyecto, asi como la definición de los objetivos principales. Posteriormente, para ir adentrándonos en los aspectos más específicos del sistema eléctrico y a modo introductorio, se explica el funcionamiento del mercado, haciendo un recorrido de su evolución desde los tiempos del Marco Legal Estable, totalmente regulado por el gobierno, hasta la actualidad, donde disponemos de un sistema de libre mercado. Este proceso se ha denominado liberalización del sistema eléctrico español. Una vez definido el sistema eléctrico español en rasgos generales, se procede a desglosar las componentes del suministro de electricidad, tanto las componentes reguladas cómo las procedentes del libre mercado. Muchas de estas componentes se recogen en los peajes de acceso, que se definirán para los distintos segmentos. Para comprender las componentes propias del mercado liberado se procederá a la definición más exhaustiva de los tipos de mercados y su funcionamiento. A continuación, se definen las distintas opciones de contratación para el segmento a estudio, así como los métodos de facturación en cada caso; dando algunos ejemplos de aplicación y opciones reales presentes en el mercado.
Por último, tras el análisis previo se dispone de las herramientas necesarias para proceder con la aplicación de mecanismos de optimización para un caso concreto. Se procederá a la optimización tanto del término de potencia como de energía atendiendo a la definición de la potencia contratada y del comportamiento del consumidor.
In the present Project describes the processes that have led to the actual electric system, how we have been evolving to the liberation of the electric market, what has allowed consumers to enjoy the different contracting options present nowadays in the market. On that basis, and as a principal goal, there are described the necessary mechanisms for the optimization of the electric bill. In the first place, there are introduced all the topics to discuss in this Project, as well as the definition of the principal goals. Then, going deeper to the most specific aspects of the electric system and as an introduction, the operation of the market is explained, analyzing its evolution from times of the Marco Legal Estable, full-regulated by the government, to the present, where we have a free-market system. This process has been called the liberation of the Spanish electric system. Once defined the Spanish electric system in general terms, it is proceed to list the different components of the electricity supply, both regulated and the ones derived from the free market. Several of these components are gathered on the access fees, which will be defined for the different segments. To understand the components derived from the free market a more exhaustive description of the different markets and their operation will be done. Then, there are described the different contracting options for the segment to study, as well as the invoicing methods in each case; leading to some application examples and real offers present in the market. By last, after the previous analysis the needed tools are available to start with the application of the optimization methods for a particular case. The optimization will be done for both power and energy concepts, according to the subscribed power definition and consumer behavior.
In the present Project describes the processes that have led to the actual electric system, how we have been evolving to the liberation of the electric market, what has allowed consumers to enjoy the different contracting options present nowadays in the market. On that basis, and as a principal goal, there are described the necessary mechanisms for the optimization of the electric bill. In the first place, there are introduced all the topics to discuss in this Project, as well as the definition of the principal goals. Then, going deeper to the most specific aspects of the electric system and as an introduction, the operation of the market is explained, analyzing its evolution from times of the Marco Legal Estable, full-regulated by the government, to the present, where we have a free-market system. This process has been called the liberation of the Spanish electric system. Once defined the Spanish electric system in general terms, it is proceed to list the different components of the electricity supply, both regulated and the ones derived from the free market. Several of these components are gathered on the access fees, which will be defined for the different segments. To understand the components derived from the free market a more exhaustive description of the different markets and their operation will be done. Then, there are described the different contracting options for the segment to study, as well as the invoicing methods in each case; leading to some application examples and real offers present in the market. By last, after the previous analysis the needed tools are available to start with the application of the optimization methods for a particular case. The optimization will be done for both power and energy concepts, according to the subscribed power definition and consumer behavior.
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Keywords
Mercado eléctrico español, Precio de la energía, Energía eléctrica, Electric system, Electricity rate, Electric market