Publication: Análisis de colectores solares de media temperatura
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2016-10
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2016-10-27
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Abstract
Inspirándose en trabajos anteriores desarrollados por la Agencia Internacional de la Energía, que determinan las necesidades de calor de proceso en la industria y el potencial de aplicación de la energía solar de concentración, este informe realiza un estudio del estado actual de los sistemas solares de media temperatura, y sus aplicaciones potenciales en diferentes sectores industriales y sector servicios, conectados a la red o en aplicaciones distribuidas.
Se realiza un análisis de los mercados solares de pequeña escala, y se comparan con aquellos donde dominan captadores solares de gran tamaño, especialmente diseñados para el sector termoeléctrico.
Por otra parte, este informe analiza los distintos tipos de módulos solares de media temperatura, y las soluciones técnicas aplicadas en cada uno de ellos, para posteriormente realizar una valoración comparativa de las distintas tecnologías de concentración. Se describe el modelado óptico y térmico de estos sistemas, y se investigan aspectos como los nuevos diseños de espejos finos de primera superficie, basados en múltiples películas de polímeros ligeros y revestimientos de plata, aluminio y óxidos reflectantes. Igualmente, se investigan los nuevos desarrollos de estructuras específicamente diseñadas para módulos de pequeño tamaño, las cuales deben ser simples, ligeras y baratas, para que estos sistemas puedan ser competitivos frente a otros tipos de fuentes de energía. Se abordan otros aspectos, como los recubrimientos selectivos, los sistemas de seguimiento y los requerimientos de instalación.
Finalmente se realiza un análisis de la productividad de estos sistemas y del coste de cada tipo de módulo solar.
Inspired by previous work carried out by the International Energy Agency (IEA), which determined the needs of process heat in industry and the potential application of solar energy concentration, this report makes a study of the current state of solar systems of medium temperature, and its potential applications in various industries and service sector, for on-grid or off-grid applications. An analysis of small scale solar markets is performed, and compared with those on which large solar collectors dominate, specially designed for the thermoelectric sector. Moreover, this report analyzes the different types of solar modules medium temperature (CSP), and technical solutions applied in each one, in order to make a comparative assessment of the various solar concentration technologies. An optical and thermal modeling of such systems are described, and aspects such as new designs of first surface thin mirrors, based on multiple lightweight polymer films and reflective silvered or aluminized coatings, and reflective and protective oxides front films are also investigated. Similarly, this research focuses on new developments of structures specifically designed for small modules, which should be simple, light and cheap, so that these systems could be competitive with other energy sources. Other aspects, such as selective coatings, tracking systems and installation requirements are addressed as well. Finally, an analysis of the thermal efficiency of these systems and the cost of each type of solar module has been made.
Inspired by previous work carried out by the International Energy Agency (IEA), which determined the needs of process heat in industry and the potential application of solar energy concentration, this report makes a study of the current state of solar systems of medium temperature, and its potential applications in various industries and service sector, for on-grid or off-grid applications. An analysis of small scale solar markets is performed, and compared with those on which large solar collectors dominate, specially designed for the thermoelectric sector. Moreover, this report analyzes the different types of solar modules medium temperature (CSP), and technical solutions applied in each one, in order to make a comparative assessment of the various solar concentration technologies. An optical and thermal modeling of such systems are described, and aspects such as new designs of first surface thin mirrors, based on multiple lightweight polymer films and reflective silvered or aluminized coatings, and reflective and protective oxides front films are also investigated. Similarly, this research focuses on new developments of structures specifically designed for small modules, which should be simple, light and cheap, so that these systems could be competitive with other energy sources. Other aspects, such as selective coatings, tracking systems and installation requirements are addressed as well. Finally, an analysis of the thermal efficiency of these systems and the cost of each type of solar module has been made.
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Keywords
Energía solar, Colectores solares, Módulos solares, Sistemas solares de media temperatura, Fresnel, Concentradores cilindro-parabólicos, Solar energy, Solar collectors, Solar modules, Solar modules medium temperature, Parabolic trough