Publication: Seguridad internacional y mujeres en los retos de Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz
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2016-04-01
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Asociación de Historia Contemporánea, Marcial Pons-Ediciones de Historia
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Abstract
El objeto de este artículo es analizar las políticas de Naciones Unidas en relación a la Seguridad Internacional y a la prevención de conflictos armados, y de sus efectos sobre la población femenina. Los datos de la conflictividad en los últimos cinco años muestran un rebrote de la violencia que hace necesario que la agenda internacional tenga en consideración la intervención exterior, la mediación y las políticas de recuperación. Desde los años noventa la violencia contra las mujeres en los conflictos armados ha dejado de ser considerada un asunto privado. Los informes ponen al descubierto las masacres indiscriminadas, las mutilaciones, violaciones, agresiones sexuales... que sufre la población civil, especialmente las mujeres, y autores como Nicole Detraz, Cyntia Enloe, Catia Confortini, Laura Sjoberg and Jan Pettman han desarrollado conceptos como el de la violación como arma de Guerra. La Resolución 1325 de Naciones Unidas es el primer texto legal que exige que las partes en conflicto prevengan la violación de los derechos de las mujeres y que apoyen su participación en las negociaciones de paz, así como la consiguiente reconstrucción, y ha orquestado líneas de acción en Naciones Unidas además de en los estados concernidos. La sociedad civil y las ONGs han jugado al respect un papel muy activo también en los últimos veinte años, de tal manera que el impacto de la Resolución 1325 es reflejado en los cambios legislativos de muchos países tal como indica el Informe Anual de la Secretaría General.
The aim of this article is to analyse United Nations policies regarding International Security and the prevention of armed conflicts and their effects on the female population. Conflictivity data for the current five-year period show an upsurge in violence, making it necessary for exterior intervention and mediation or recovery policies to feature as central issues on the international agenda. Since the 1990s, violence against women in armed conflicts has ceased to be considered a private issue. Reports highlight the indiscriminate massacres, mutilations, rape, sexual aggression imposed on the civilian population, suffered mainly by women. Nicole Detraz, Cyntia Enloe, Catia Confortini, Laura Sjoberg and Jan Pettman have developed concepts such as rape as a weapon of war. UN Resolution 1325 is the first legal text that demands that the parties in conflict prevent violations of women’s rights and that supports their participation in the peace negotiations and subsequent reconstruction, and has led to lines of action within the United Nations as well as in the states involved. Civil society and NGOs have played a very active role in raising states’ awareness over the last 20 years and the impact of Resolution 1325 can be seen in the Secretary General’s Annual Reports, which reflect the advances through legislative changes in many countries.
The aim of this article is to analyse United Nations policies regarding International Security and the prevention of armed conflicts and their effects on the female population. Conflictivity data for the current five-year period show an upsurge in violence, making it necessary for exterior intervention and mediation or recovery policies to feature as central issues on the international agenda. Since the 1990s, violence against women in armed conflicts has ceased to be considered a private issue. Reports highlight the indiscriminate massacres, mutilations, rape, sexual aggression imposed on the civilian population, suffered mainly by women. Nicole Detraz, Cyntia Enloe, Catia Confortini, Laura Sjoberg and Jan Pettman have developed concepts such as rape as a weapon of war. UN Resolution 1325 is the first legal text that demands that the parties in conflict prevent violations of women’s rights and that supports their participation in the peace negotiations and subsequent reconstruction, and has led to lines of action within the United Nations as well as in the states involved. Civil society and NGOs have played a very active role in raising states’ awareness over the last 20 years and the impact of Resolution 1325 can be seen in the Secretary General’s Annual Reports, which reflect the advances through legislative changes in many countries.
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Seguridad internacional, Género, Violación como arma de guerra, Conflicto armado, ONU, Resolución 1325, International security, Gender, Rape as a weapon of war, Armed conflict, United Nations, Resolution 1325
Bibliographic citation
Huguet, M., Folguera, P. Seguridad internacional y mujeres en los retos de Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz. Revista de Historia Contemporánea AYER. N. 101 (2016), p. 285-297