Publication: Simulación del consumo de una vivienda y cobertura por medio de energías renovables
Loading...
Identifiers
Publication date
2014-07
Defense date
2014-07-24
Authors
Advisors
Tutors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Impact
Export
Abstract
El continuo incremento en el consumo de energía por una sociedad cada vez más industrializada ha situado a nuestro planeta en una situación comprometida desde el punto de vista de abastecimiento energético y medioambiental. Esta situación es especialmente crítica en nuestro país, el cual cuenta con una gran dependencia energética exterior, así como un gran consumo de combustibles fósiles y elevadas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Además, aproximadamente una tercera parte de la energía consumida en nuestro país es destinada al sector residencial.
Ante esta situación nace el presente proyecto, con el objetivo de aplicar las nuevas energías renovables al sector residencial, dimensionando tres instalaciones que permitan obtener toda la energía térmica y eléctrica que consume una vivienda unifamiliar actual situada en Madrid a lo largo de todo un año, reduciendo considerablemente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera.
Comenzaremos determinando los distintos consumos de energía térmica y eléctrica que presenta la vivienda unifamiliar tanto en el período de invierno como en el de verano. Con estos datos, basándonos en el Código Técnico de la Edificación, se dimensiona una instalación solar térmica compuesta por dos paneles térmicos para la generación del agua caliente sanitaria, logrando una cobertura anual de la demanda del 80 %. En cuanto a la parte de demanda de agua caliente sanitaria no cubierta por la instalación solar térmica, así como para la calefacción de la vivienda, se implementa una solución basada en una caldera de biomasa de 12 kW de potencia, obteniendo un consumo anual de pellets de 4.48 tm. Por último, para la demanda de climatización, se proyecta una instalación de refrigeración por compresión mecánica, cuya energía eléctrica necesaria, así como la consumida por el uso de la vivienda, será suministrada por instalación solar fotovoltaica compuesta por 56 módulos, consiguiendo una potencia pico de 3.920 kW y una energía generada de 6.33 MWh a lo largo del año.
Una vez realizado el dimensionamiento de cada una de las instalaciones procedemos a analizar la viabilidad económica y ambiental de todas ellas. En el caso de la instalación solar fotovoltaica se obtiene un ahorro de 1.52 tm de CO2 equivalentes cada año que esté funcionando la instalación, y un período de retorno de la inversión de alrededor de 15 años sin tener en cuenta ningún tipo de prima de producción. En cuanto a la instalación solar térmica, esta proporciona un ahorro anual de 406.926 kg de CO2 equivalentes, y cuenta con un período de retorno de la inversión de 14 años. Por último, la caldera de biomasa proporciona un gran ahorro medioambiental, ya que permite el ahorro de 5.28 tm de CO2 equivalentes cada año. Sin embargo, no se obtiene un período de retorno de la inversión que haga atractiva económicamente esta instalación a diferencia de las dos anteriores, dado el estado actual de madurez de esta tecnología.
The continuous increase in energy consumption by an increasingly industrialized society has placed our planet in a compromised position from the point of view of energy and environmental supply. This situation is particularly critical in our country, which has a large external energy dependency, as well as a great consumption of fossil fuels and elevated greenhouse-gas emissions. Also, approximately one-third of the energy consumed in our country is directed to the residential sector. That is why this project is born, with the aim of applying new renewable energies to the residential sector, sizing three facilities that allow the capture of all the thermal and electrical energy consumed by a current single family home placed in Madrid throughout a whole year, considerably reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We will begin by identifying the different consumption of thermal and electric energy that presents the single-family home incurs both in the winter and in the summer period. Based on these data, based on the Código Técnico de la Eficicación, a solar heating installation has been designed which consists of two thermal panels for the generation of the sanitary hot water, with coverage of the annual demand of 80 %. For the sanitary hot water demand not covered by the solar thermal installation, as well as for home heating, a solution based on a biomass boiler of 12 kW is implemented, obtaining an annual consumption of pellets of 4.48 mt. Finally, for the air conditioning demand, a refrigeration installation by mechanical compression is projected, whose required electrical power, as well as the one consumed by the use of the home, will be provided by a solar photovoltaic installation consisting of 56 modules, achieving a power peak of 3.920 kW and a generated energy of 6.33 MWh throughout the year. Once the sizing of each of the facilities is done, we will proceed to analyze the economic and environmental viability of all of them. In the case of the solar photovoltaic installation solar a saving of 1.52 mt of CO2 is obtained, equivalent annually in which the installation is on, and a payback period of around 15 years without taking into account any kind of production premium. As for the solar heating system, this provides an annual saving of 406.926 kg of CO2 equivalent, and a payback period of 14 years. Finally, the biomass boiler provides a great environmental saving, since it allows the saving of 5.28 mt of CO2 equivalent annually. However, a payback period that makes this installation attractive economically is not obtained in contrast to the previous two, given the current state of maturity of this technology.
The continuous increase in energy consumption by an increasingly industrialized society has placed our planet in a compromised position from the point of view of energy and environmental supply. This situation is particularly critical in our country, which has a large external energy dependency, as well as a great consumption of fossil fuels and elevated greenhouse-gas emissions. Also, approximately one-third of the energy consumed in our country is directed to the residential sector. That is why this project is born, with the aim of applying new renewable energies to the residential sector, sizing three facilities that allow the capture of all the thermal and electrical energy consumed by a current single family home placed in Madrid throughout a whole year, considerably reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We will begin by identifying the different consumption of thermal and electric energy that presents the single-family home incurs both in the winter and in the summer period. Based on these data, based on the Código Técnico de la Eficicación, a solar heating installation has been designed which consists of two thermal panels for the generation of the sanitary hot water, with coverage of the annual demand of 80 %. For the sanitary hot water demand not covered by the solar thermal installation, as well as for home heating, a solution based on a biomass boiler of 12 kW is implemented, obtaining an annual consumption of pellets of 4.48 mt. Finally, for the air conditioning demand, a refrigeration installation by mechanical compression is projected, whose required electrical power, as well as the one consumed by the use of the home, will be provided by a solar photovoltaic installation consisting of 56 modules, achieving a power peak of 3.920 kW and a generated energy of 6.33 MWh throughout the year. Once the sizing of each of the facilities is done, we will proceed to analyze the economic and environmental viability of all of them. In the case of the solar photovoltaic installation solar a saving of 1.52 mt of CO2 is obtained, equivalent annually in which the installation is on, and a payback period of around 15 years without taking into account any kind of production premium. As for the solar heating system, this provides an annual saving of 406.926 kg of CO2 equivalent, and a payback period of 14 years. Finally, the biomass boiler provides a great environmental saving, since it allows the saving of 5.28 mt of CO2 equivalent annually. However, a payback period that makes this installation attractive economically is not obtained in contrast to the previous two, given the current state of maturity of this technology.
Description
Keywords
Energías renovables, Consumo de energía, Viviendas, Tecnología de la climatización