Publication: Análisis M.E.F. de un sistema de rodadura ferroviario, con ejes de diferentes materiales
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2015-10
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2015-10-27
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Abstract
Una de las causas de incidentes y accidentes ferroviarios documentados e investigados por el Ministerio de Fomento de España es la rotura de un eje debido a fatiga. El Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid ha investigado y dirigido varios proyectos fin de carrera dedicados al estudio de ejes ferroviarios.
El presente proyecto es un estudio de un eje ferroviario en el supuesto de estar constituido por aleaciones de aluminio o titanio en vez de acero. Estos materiales son ideales para aplicaciones donde su bajo peso y su resistencia mecánica a la tracción son factores de gran influencia en el diseño, por lo que se utilizan comúnmente en sectores industriales como la aeronáutica y automoción. ¿Qué ocurriría si el eje ferroviario estuviera fabricado en aluminio o titanio? ¿Es relevante en esta aplicación la disminución de peso?
Una exposición teórica acerca de distintos conceptos acercara a las bases necesarias para entender la tecnología ferroviaria del eje, los cálculos, la metodología y se realizara un examen de sensibilidad de los programas empleados.
En el desarrollo del proyecto se calcularan las respuestas del acero, aluminio y titanio, ante diferentes estudios, (análisis de tensiones y deformaciones, durabilidad y modos propios de vibración) por medio de técnicas analíticas y el método de los elementos finitos empleando dos programas informáticos que tienen esta aplicación, CATIA y PATRAN/NASTRAN.
Al compilar la información obtenida en los resultados y evaluarla, se obtendrán las conclusiones.
One of the causes of railway incidents and crashes documented and investigated by the Public Works Ministry (Department for Transport) of Spain is the breakage of an axle due to fatigue. The Mechanical Engineering Department of the University Carlos III in Madrid has researched and directed several thesis concerning axles of railway vehicles. The study of a rail axle is the main purpose of this project. It focuses on the rail axle made of aluminium alloys or titanium instead of steel. It is been found, that these materials are ideal for applications where low weight and strength of materials are comparable with steel are factors of great influence in the design. Therefore, they are commonly used in industrial sectors such as aerospace and automotive. What would happen if the rail axis was manufactured in aluminium or titanium? Is the decrease in weight relevant in this application? A theoretical introduction discusses the various concepts used throughout this work, in order to provide necessary understanding of railway axis technology, calculations, methodology and a review of accuracy of a measurement on the used software programs. During the development of this project, responses of steel, aluminium and titanium are calculated (analysis of stresses and deformations, life and modes of vibration) by means of analytical techniques and the Finite Element Method (FEM) using two software with this application, CATIA and PATRAN/NASTRAN. As a continuation I will compile the information obtained from the results and evaluate them, the conclusions will be obtained.
One of the causes of railway incidents and crashes documented and investigated by the Public Works Ministry (Department for Transport) of Spain is the breakage of an axle due to fatigue. The Mechanical Engineering Department of the University Carlos III in Madrid has researched and directed several thesis concerning axles of railway vehicles. The study of a rail axle is the main purpose of this project. It focuses on the rail axle made of aluminium alloys or titanium instead of steel. It is been found, that these materials are ideal for applications where low weight and strength of materials are comparable with steel are factors of great influence in the design. Therefore, they are commonly used in industrial sectors such as aerospace and automotive. What would happen if the rail axis was manufactured in aluminium or titanium? Is the decrease in weight relevant in this application? A theoretical introduction discusses the various concepts used throughout this work, in order to provide necessary understanding of railway axis technology, calculations, methodology and a review of accuracy of a measurement on the used software programs. During the development of this project, responses of steel, aluminium and titanium are calculated (analysis of stresses and deformations, life and modes of vibration) by means of analytical techniques and the Finite Element Method (FEM) using two software with this application, CATIA and PATRAN/NASTRAN. As a continuation I will compile the information obtained from the results and evaluate them, the conclusions will be obtained.
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Keywords
Tecnología ferroviaria, Ejes ferroviarios, Fatiga de materiales, Ensayo de materiales, Aleaciones de aluminio, Aleaciones de titanio