Publication: Instalación de un sistema automatizado de pintura en una fábrica de armarios eléctricos
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2012-06
Defense date
2012-05-30
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Abstract
El Proyecto Fin de Carrera titulado: “Instalación de un sistema automatizado de pintura en una fábrica de armarios eléctricos”, surge de la necesidad de mejorar la producción en los sistemas manuales de pintura y galvanizado de piezas. Hoy en día, cualquier sistema que requiera de una elevada producción necesita automatizarse o de ampliar dicha automatización. El mercado actual es muy competitivo y, por tanto, requiere de niveles de elevada especialización. Los pedidos a las fábricas son cada vez mayores por varios motivos, entre ellos podemos nombrar la demanda de un producto o simplemente que los grandes lotes son económicamente más baratos. Para responder a esas expectativas se necesitan elementos de alta precisión y velocidad que un grupo de personas no podría hacer en los tiempos que realmente se requiere. Sin embargo, un grupo de robots o de elementos de control sí puede realizar dichas tareas. En este caso, la fábrica de armarios eléctricos que ocupa el presente Proyecto realiza las funciones de ensamblado, galvanizado, pintado y recogida de los mismos. La mejora a realizar será la automatización del sistema de galvanizado y pintado que actualmente se realiza de forma manual en las instalaciones. La automatización la componen principalmente elementos de control; dos autómatas o PLCs, un sistema interfaz HMI y un bus de comunicación entre todos los elementos del sistema, incluyendo actuadores y sensores. El “cerebro” de todo el proceso podemos decir que es el autómata o, como en este caso, los dos autómatas. Su programación interna hace posible que todo funcione de manera precisa y rápida. Aunque podemos afirmar que sin los actuadores y sensores no serviría de mucho, ya que éstos son sus “ojos y manos” dentro del proceso. Mandan señales para saber cuál es el estado actual y a cuál se tienen que dirigir. Gracias al panel del operador se consigue un nítido seguimiento por parte del operario supervisando y, de ser necesario, cambiando parámetros de producción. El Profibus hace que todos los elementos funcionen de manera conjunta y sin errores. Centrándonos en el proceso que ocupa este Proyecto, podemos afirmar que comienza en cuanto llega un armario totalmente ensamblado. Éste se coloca sobre la cinta y avanza hasta que llega a la zona de galvanizado. El puente de grúa en esa zona es el encargado de levantarlo y pasarlo por los tres baños necesarios para su protección. Una vez realizado, la grúa deposita el armario en la zona de pintura. Aquí se le aplicará primero una capa protectora o proceso de imprimación, luego la pintura y por último se procede al secado en los hornos. Cuando están secos, van saliendo hasta que llegan a la zona de recogida donde otro sistema las coloca. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The end of career Project titled: “Installation of automated painting system on an electric cabinets factory”, arises from the need to improve production in manual painting and galvanized systems parts. Today, any system that requires a high production needs an automated system or expands it. The current market is very competitive and therefore it requires high specialization levels. The factory orders are increasing for several reasons, among them we can appoint the product demand or simply the large lots that are economically cheaper. To meet these expectations is necessary to employ high precision and speed that a group of persons could not do just in time. However, a group of robots or other control elements can perform these tasks. In this case, the electric cabinets factory occupying this project performs the functions of assembly, galvanized, painting and collecting them. The improvement will be the automation of painting and galvanized system currently carried out manually in this factory. Automation is composed by control elements mainly; two PLC, one HMI system and a communication bus between all the system elements, including actuators and sensors. The “brain” of the process we can say that is the PLC or, as in this case, the two PLCs. Its internal programming allows everything to work accurately and quickly. Although we can say that without actuators and sensors it does not help much because they are the “eyes and hands” in the process. They send signals to know the current status and what is the next. Thanks to the operator panel achieves a clear monitoring by the operator and, if necessary, changing production parameters. Profibus makes all elements work together without errors. Focusing on the process that take ups this Project, we can declare that it begins when a cabinet comes totally assembled. It is placed on a rack and advance until it reaches the galvanized area. The bridge crane in this area is responsible for lifting and pass by the three baths needed for protection. Once does it, the crane deposits the cabinet in the painting area. Here, first of all it will apply a protective coating or process of priming, then painting and finally is dried in kilns. When they are dried, they come out until they reach to the collection area where another system picks them up.
The end of career Project titled: “Installation of automated painting system on an electric cabinets factory”, arises from the need to improve production in manual painting and galvanized systems parts. Today, any system that requires a high production needs an automated system or expands it. The current market is very competitive and therefore it requires high specialization levels. The factory orders are increasing for several reasons, among them we can appoint the product demand or simply the large lots that are economically cheaper. To meet these expectations is necessary to employ high precision and speed that a group of persons could not do just in time. However, a group of robots or other control elements can perform these tasks. In this case, the electric cabinets factory occupying this project performs the functions of assembly, galvanized, painting and collecting them. The improvement will be the automation of painting and galvanized system currently carried out manually in this factory. Automation is composed by control elements mainly; two PLC, one HMI system and a communication bus between all the system elements, including actuators and sensors. The “brain” of the process we can say that is the PLC or, as in this case, the two PLCs. Its internal programming allows everything to work accurately and quickly. Although we can say that without actuators and sensors it does not help much because they are the “eyes and hands” in the process. They send signals to know the current status and what is the next. Thanks to the operator panel achieves a clear monitoring by the operator and, if necessary, changing production parameters. Profibus makes all elements work together without errors. Focusing on the process that take ups this Project, we can declare that it begins when a cabinet comes totally assembled. It is placed on a rack and advance until it reaches the galvanized area. The bridge crane in this area is responsible for lifting and pass by the three baths needed for protection. Once does it, the crane deposits the cabinet in the painting area. Here, first of all it will apply a protective coating or process of priming, then painting and finally is dried in kilns. When they are dried, they come out until they reach to the collection area where another system picks them up.
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Keywords
Pintura, Galvanizado, Automatización