Publication: Desarrollo de sistemas electroópticos para domótica y señalización vial
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2010-06
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2010-07-29
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Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar, implementar y verificar dos sistemas electroópticos para dos ámbitos de aplicación diferenciados: domótica y señalización vial sobre vehículos. El primero de ellos es un sistema basado en paneles PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals) que es capaz de controlar la transmisión óptica entre varios niveles, tanto de forma manual como de forma remota. Este sistema permite que la activación o desactivación de dichos niveles se pueda realizar in situ mediante movimientos de la mano los cuales son detectados por sensores de presencia que incorpora el módulo de control. Adicionalmente, pueden también ser activados o desactivados de forma remota mediante una herramienta web diseñada al efecto. Para proceder a su implementación, se seguirán los siguientes pasos o fases de desarrollo: (i) caracterización electroóptica de los paneles PDLC; (ii) diseño del driver de excitación de cada panel; (iii) diseño de los sistemas auxiliares —sensores de luz, presencia, gestión de las señales de excitación y activación de los sensores, etc.—; (iv) implementación del sistema global y, (v) verificación y evaluación de las prestaciones eléctricas y ópticas. Este sistema pretende superar restricciones de otros disponibles comercialmente basados en PDLC que sólo pueden operar entre dos niveles, opaco y transparente, permitiendo además una gran flexibilidad y confort en los mecanismos de manejo del mismo, lo que le convierte en un sistema especialmente apto para aplicaciones en edificios inteligentes ―oficinas, hoteles, centros de ocio, etc.― donde el aspecto de control de luz y control de privacidad puedan resultar de gran utilidad práctica. Por lo que respecta al segundo sistema —puente de señalización para vehículos especiales—, se pretende completar todas las fases del ciclo industrial del producto: (i) diseño conceptual a nivel geométrico, mecánico, electrónico y óptico; (ii) implementación física; (iii) verificación funcional del sistema; (iv) homologación del mismo conforme a normativa vigente; (v) evaluación en condiciones de operación real y, (vi) transferencia al sector industrial para su eventual comercialización. Este sistema pretende mejorar aspectos de los tradicionales puentes basados en luces giratorias o elementos móviles —espejos, lentes, etc.— los cuales requieren un alto coste de mantenimiento y son muy ineficientes desde el punto de vista de consumo eléctrico. Este trabajo de tesis se articula en 5 capítulos. Inicialmente, se describen las diferentes tecnologías de cromogénicos controlables eléctricamente —PDLCs, electrocrómicos y dispositivos de partículas suspendidas— utilizados en los sistemas comerciales más usados en el control de la transmisión de luz, destacando las ventajas e inconvenientes de unos frente a otros. A continuación se describirá el desarrollo hardware y software de dicho sistema y los resultados obtenidos. La segunda parte de esta tesis se dedica al segundo sistema electróoptico desarrollado (puente de luces). La secuencia que se ha seguido para completar este prototipo se describe a continuación. Primeramente, se propone la estructura geométrica más adecuada desde el punto de vista aerodinámico y de facilidad de fabricación. Seguidamente, se diseña el sistema óptico basado en LEDs de alta eficiencia —sin elementos ópticos auxiliares— y el sistema de drivers para los LEDs. A continuación, se desarrolla el sistema de control tanto para la secuencia de luces como para la sirena (sonido). Por último, se realizan las pruebas que corroboran su correcto funcionamiento conforme a normativa vigente y se procede a su documentación para su posterior homologación y transferencia al sector empresarial. El documento finaliza con un capítulo dedicado a las conclusiones más relevantes y a los trabajos futuros.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The objective of the work presented in this dissertation has been to design, implement and verify two electro-optic systems for two different fields of application: domotics and vehicle based road signaling. The former is a system based on PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals)panels which are capable of controlling the optical transmission over different levels, both manually and remotely. This system permits the activation or deactivation of these different levels to be carried out in situ via movements of the hands which are detected by a proximity sensor incorporated along with a control module. Additionally, these can also be activated or deactivated remotely using a specifically designed web based tool. To proceed with the implementation, the following steps or development stages have been considered: (i) electro-optic characterization of the PDLC panels; (ii) design of the driver for each panel; (iii) design of auxiliary systems —light and proximity sensors, signal control for excitation and activation of the sensors, etc.—; (iv) global implementation of the system and, (v) verification and evaluation of the electrical and optical performance. The objective of this system design is to overcome the restrictions presented by other commercially available devices based on PDLC which only operate between two levels, i.e. opaque & transparent, this novel system design will also provide much improved flexibility and comfort regarding the control of the mechanisms, making this system especially suitable for applications in smart buildings —offices, hotels, entertainment centers, etc.— where the aspect of light and privacy control results in great practical use. Regarding the second system —lightbars for specialized vehicles—, it is envisaged that all the stages of the industrial cycle of the product will be completed: (i) concept design regarding geometric structure, mechanics, electronics, and optics; (ii) physical implementation; (iii) functional verification of the system; (iv) homologation of the system under current regulations; (v) evaluation of the system in real operating conditions and, (vi) transfer to the industrial sector for its eventual commercialization. The aim of this system is to improve on traditional aspects of lightbars which are based on rotating lights or moving parts —mirrors, lenses, etc.— which require high cost maintenance and are also very inefficient from the point of view of electrical consumption. This thesis is divided in 5 chapters. Initially, the different technologies will be described for electrically controllable chromogenics ―PDLCs, electrochromics and devices containing suspended particles― used in commercial systems which generally control the transmission of light, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Following this is a description of the hardware and software development of this system and the results obtained. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the development of the second electro-optic system (lightbars) mentioned above. The order of actions which have been followed to complete this prototype will be described here. First of all, the most adequate geometric structure is proposed to complete this prototype from the point of view of aerodynamics and ease of fabrication. Secondly, the optical system that is based on high efficient LEDs has been designed —without any auxiliary optical elements— along with the LED driver system. This is followed by the development of the control system for both the light sequence and the siren (sound). Finally, tests which have been carried out to corroborate the correct functioning of the system which conform to current rules and regulations will be presented. The next stage in the development process has been the documentation required for posterior homologation and transfer to the business sector. This document finishes with a chapter dedicated to the most relevant conclusions and future work.
The objective of the work presented in this dissertation has been to design, implement and verify two electro-optic systems for two different fields of application: domotics and vehicle based road signaling. The former is a system based on PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals)panels which are capable of controlling the optical transmission over different levels, both manually and remotely. This system permits the activation or deactivation of these different levels to be carried out in situ via movements of the hands which are detected by a proximity sensor incorporated along with a control module. Additionally, these can also be activated or deactivated remotely using a specifically designed web based tool. To proceed with the implementation, the following steps or development stages have been considered: (i) electro-optic characterization of the PDLC panels; (ii) design of the driver for each panel; (iii) design of auxiliary systems —light and proximity sensors, signal control for excitation and activation of the sensors, etc.—; (iv) global implementation of the system and, (v) verification and evaluation of the electrical and optical performance. The objective of this system design is to overcome the restrictions presented by other commercially available devices based on PDLC which only operate between two levels, i.e. opaque & transparent, this novel system design will also provide much improved flexibility and comfort regarding the control of the mechanisms, making this system especially suitable for applications in smart buildings —offices, hotels, entertainment centers, etc.— where the aspect of light and privacy control results in great practical use. Regarding the second system —lightbars for specialized vehicles—, it is envisaged that all the stages of the industrial cycle of the product will be completed: (i) concept design regarding geometric structure, mechanics, electronics, and optics; (ii) physical implementation; (iii) functional verification of the system; (iv) homologation of the system under current regulations; (v) evaluation of the system in real operating conditions and, (vi) transfer to the industrial sector for its eventual commercialization. The aim of this system is to improve on traditional aspects of lightbars which are based on rotating lights or moving parts —mirrors, lenses, etc.— which require high cost maintenance and are also very inefficient from the point of view of electrical consumption. This thesis is divided in 5 chapters. Initially, the different technologies will be described for electrically controllable chromogenics ―PDLCs, electrochromics and devices containing suspended particles― used in commercial systems which generally control the transmission of light, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Following this is a description of the hardware and software development of this system and the results obtained. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the development of the second electro-optic system (lightbars) mentioned above. The order of actions which have been followed to complete this prototype will be described here. First of all, the most adequate geometric structure is proposed to complete this prototype from the point of view of aerodynamics and ease of fabrication. Secondly, the optical system that is based on high efficient LEDs has been designed —without any auxiliary optical elements— along with the LED driver system. This is followed by the development of the control system for both the light sequence and the siren (sound). Finally, tests which have been carried out to corroborate the correct functioning of the system which conform to current rules and regulations will be presented. The next stage in the development process has been the documentation required for posterior homologation and transfer to the business sector. This document finishes with a chapter dedicated to the most relevant conclusions and future work.
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Keywords
Sistemas electroópticos, Domótica, Señalización vial