Publication: Diseño de una mini lavadora para fibra de vicuña con una capacidad de 5 Kg/h
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2019
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Federación Iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica
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Abstract
La vicuña está considerada patrimonio nacional del Perú y posee la fibra animal más fina del mundo (12µm de diámetro). Según la FAO, el Perú es el primer productor de fibra de vicuña en el mundo (70%) seguido por Bolivia, Argentina, Chile y Ecuador. El proceso de lavado consiste en la inmersión de la fibra en un medio acuoso formado por agua caliente (50°C) y detergentes que, a través de movimientos suaves por medio de sistemas mecánicos, elimina las impurezas que posee la fibra (grasa, suintina, polvo, suciedad, etc). En el Perú miles de comunidades campesinas encargadas de la explotación de este producto no realizan ningún tipo lavado; comercializan la fibra sin tratar. En este trabajo se ha diseñado un equipo de lavado pequeño, acorde a la capacidad de producción de los productores vicuñeros del Perú, que permite la limpieza de la fibra mediante la alimentación, arrastre, sumergido y exprimido de la misma; y cumpliendo con los estándares de lavado según la norma IWTO-19-981. La utilización de este equipo supondrá la obtención de una fibra más limpia sin ningún tipo de enfieltrado, un ahorro del 20% de agua y un rendimiento del 90% con respecto al lavado tradicional manual.
Vicuña is considered a national animal symbol of Peru and has the finest wool in the world (12µm diameter). According to the FAO, Peru is the largest producer of vicuña wool in the world (70%) followed by Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and Ecuador. The cleaning process consists in the immersion of the wool in an aqueous medium formed by hot water (50 °C) and detergents that, through smooth movements by means of mechanical systems, eliminate the contaminants that the fiber has (lanolin, suint , dust, dirt, etc.). In Peru the Andean Communities are responsibles for the vicuña management and they do not perform any type of cleaning process selling the fleece at low prices without value added. This paper describes the design of small cleaning equipment according with the production capacity of the vicuña producers. The equipment cleans the wool through a mechanical system that feeds, moves, immerses and drains the fiber, fulfilling the cleaning requirements according to IWTO-19-981 standard. The use of this equipment will provide a clean vicuña wool without any damage, saving 20% water needs and with an efficiency ratio of 90% compared to traditional manually washing.
Vicuña is considered a national animal symbol of Peru and has the finest wool in the world (12µm diameter). According to the FAO, Peru is the largest producer of vicuña wool in the world (70%) followed by Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and Ecuador. The cleaning process consists in the immersion of the wool in an aqueous medium formed by hot water (50 °C) and detergents that, through smooth movements by means of mechanical systems, eliminate the contaminants that the fiber has (lanolin, suint , dust, dirt, etc.). In Peru the Andean Communities are responsibles for the vicuña management and they do not perform any type of cleaning process selling the fleece at low prices without value added. This paper describes the design of small cleaning equipment according with the production capacity of the vicuña producers. The equipment cleans the wool through a mechanical system that feeds, moves, immerses and drains the fiber, fulfilling the cleaning requirements according to IWTO-19-981 standard. The use of this equipment will provide a clean vicuña wool without any damage, saving 20% water needs and with an efficiency ratio of 90% compared to traditional manually washing.
Description
Actas de: XIV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingeniería Mecánica (CIBIM 2019), 12-15 noviembre 2019, Cartagena, Colombia.
Keywords
Lavado, Fibra de vicuña, Diseño mecánico, Iwto, vicuña wool, cleaning, mechanical design
Bibliographic citation
Ccarita, A., Rojas, D. Barriga, B., Alencastre, J., Calderón Ch, J. A., Tafur, J. C. y Gómez-Amador, A. M. (12-15 noviembre 2019). Diseño de una mini lavadora para fibra de vicuña con una capacidad de 5kg/h [ponencia]. XIV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingeniería Mecánica (CIBIM 2019), Cartagena, Colombia.