Publication: La cobertura informativa de la televisión pública chilena (TVN) sobre acontecimientos imprevistos: el caso de los incendios forestales
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2020
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona: Facultat de Ciencies de la Comunicació
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Abstract
Esta investigación analiza la cobertura televisiva de los incendios forestales ocurridos en
Chile - calificados con el nombre de tormenta de fuego - durante enero y febrero de 2017 centrándose en el rol que cumplió el telediario central de la televisión pública chilena - Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN)- como agente comunicador. Para ello se
realiza un análisis de contenido de 218 noticias. Los resultados apuntan a que TVN cumplió de manera parcial su cometido de servicio público. Por una parte, realizó una transmisión con enfoque descriptivo informativo en la que priorizó los formatos de la noticia
que le brindaban mayor inmediatez y obvió contextualizar el fenómeno. Asimismo, dio
preferencia a las fuentes ciudadanas sobre las oficiales y de expertos, en detrimento de sus
directrices editoriales. No obstante, no utilizó recursos de impacto visual ni imágenes que
tendieran al sensacionalismo, lo que coincide con el hecho de que los periodistas casi no
especularon ni realizaron conjeturas, aunque sí entregaron opiniones sobre los hechos.
This research analyzes the television coverage of wildfires that occurred in Chile – called “firestorms” – in January and February 2017, focusing on the role played by Chilean public television (Televisión Nacional de Chile, TVN) as a communicating agent. For this purpose, a content analysis of 218 news items is carried out. The results suggest that TVN partially fulfilled its public service mission. On the one hand, it provided coverage from an informative and descriptive approach in which it prioritized the direct and the news formats that gave it greater immediacy, thus avoiding contextualizing the phenome-non. Likewise, the television network gave preference to citizen sources over officials and experts in contrast to its editorial guidelines. Conversely, the TV network did not use visually impactful resources or sensationalistic images, which also coincides with the fact that journalists hardly speculated or made conjectures. However, they did deliver opin-ions about the facts.
This research analyzes the television coverage of wildfires that occurred in Chile – called “firestorms” – in January and February 2017, focusing on the role played by Chilean public television (Televisión Nacional de Chile, TVN) as a communicating agent. For this purpose, a content analysis of 218 news items is carried out. The results suggest that TVN partially fulfilled its public service mission. On the one hand, it provided coverage from an informative and descriptive approach in which it prioritized the direct and the news formats that gave it greater immediacy, thus avoiding contextualizing the phenome-non. Likewise, the television network gave preference to citizen sources over officials and experts in contrast to its editorial guidelines. Conversely, the TV network did not use visually impactful resources or sensationalistic images, which also coincides with the fact that journalists hardly speculated or made conjectures. However, they did deliver opin-ions about the facts.
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Keywords
Calidad periodística, Incendios forestales, Televisión pública, Noticiero central, Fuentes de información, Journalistic Quality, Wildfires, Public Television, Central News, Sources of Information
Bibliographic citation
Crisóstomo Flores, P. y Rosique Cedillo, G. (2020). La cobertura informativa de la televisión pública chilena (TVN) sobre acontecimientos imprevistos: el caso de los incendios forestales. Anàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura, 63, 1-16