Publication:
Material incentives drive gender differences in cognitive effort among children

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dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Ciencias Socialeses
dc.affiliation.grupoinvUC3M. Grupo de Investigación: Estructura Social y Poblaciónes
dc.contributor.authorApascaritei, Paula
dc.contributor.authorRadl, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorSwarr, Madeline
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Commissionen
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-12T10:39:57Z
dc.date.available2023-09-12T10:39:57Z
dc.date.issued2023-09-12
dc.description.abstractAcademic performance relies on effort and varies by gender. However, it is not clear at what age nor under what circumstances gender differences in effort arise. Using behavioral real-effort measures from 806 fifth-grade students, we find no gender differences in cognitive effort in the absence of rewards. However, boys exert more effort than girls when materially incentivized. Adding a status incentive on top of material rewards does not further increase the gender gap. While boys achieve superior performance through more proactive control and faster reaction speed, we find no gender differences in overall accuracy. Girls' preferences for a more prudent approach pay off only when reactive control is elicited. These findings are robust to controlling for key personality traits and cognitive ability (fluid intelligence). The results have important implications for understanding gender divides in education and learning.en
dc.format.extent55
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationApascaritei, P., Radl, J. & Swarr, M. (2023). Material incentives drive gender differences in cognitive effort among children. Authors.en
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage1
dc.identifier.publicationlastpage55
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10016/38303
dc.identifier.uxxiDT/0000002087
dc.language.isoengen
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/GA-758600en
dc.rights© The Authors, 2023.en
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España*
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accessen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/*
dc.subject.ecienciaEconomíaes
dc.subject.ecienciaEducaciónes
dc.subject.ecienciaPsicologíaes
dc.subject.ecienciaSociologíaes
dc.subject.otherCognitive efforten
dc.subject.otherGenderen
dc.subject.otherChildrenen
dc.subject.otherLaboratory experimentsen
dc.subject.otherIncentivesen
dc.titleMaterial incentives drive gender differences in cognitive effort among childrenen
dc.typeworking paper*
dc.type.hasVersionSMUR*
dspace.entity.typePublication
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