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Carbon footprint and water use of alkali-activated and hybrid cement mortars

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dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y de Fluidoses
dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Químicaes
dc.affiliation.grupoinvUC3M. Grupo de Investigación: Ingeniería de Sistemas Energéticoses
dc.affiliation.grupoinvUC3M. Grupo de Investigación: Comportamiento en Servicio de Materialeses
dc.contributor.authorBatuecas Fernández, Esperanza
dc.contributor.authorRamón Álvarez, Irene
dc.contributor.authorSánchez Delgado, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorTorres Carrasco, Manuel
dc.contributor.funderComunidad de Madrides
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-22T09:20:06Z
dc.date.available2023-10-15T23:00:07Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-15
dc.description.abstractCement industry consumes large amounts of water, energy and it is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, addressing these environmental constraints leads to a search for alternative mortars to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacing the clinker by industrial by-products, such as blast furnace slag and/or fly ash. In this context, alkaline activated materials (AAM) show good mechanical properties comparable to OPC. However, AAM present durability problems against leaching phenomena, and workability problems because of the use of alkaline solutions. Therefore, other alternatives as the hybrid materials (HM) are receiving greater attention. In order to determine if the mechanical properties of hybrid and alkali-activated mortars are indeed comparable to those from Ordinary Portland Cements (OPC), this paper first examines the compressive strength and porosity of an AAM case study from slag and two HM systems, both from slag and fly ash. Moreover, since very little is known about their environmental impacts in terms on water use and carbon footprint they were calculated through the Life Cycle Assessment methodology and compared to those of OPC. Results revealed that the assessed AAM and two HM case studies obtained mechanical properties comparable to those for OPC. The AAM obtained −406.02 kg CO2/m3 while for the hybrids the carbon footprints were −253.26 kg CO2/m3 (HM from slag) and −253.27 kg CO2/m3 (HM from fly ash), proving that partial or total substitution of cement by waste in mortars reduces the carbon footprint of OPC more than 100%. In terms on water footprint, more than a 40% reduction in water use is obtained if HM are used instead of OPC supporting the idea that HM achieve good balance between carbon footprint and water use reductions.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was funded by the regional project HORATSO-CM-UC3M. In addition, its authors would like to thank Noelia Casiano for her help during the tests carried out in the laboratory.en
dc.format.extent9
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationBatuecas, E., Ramón-Álvarez, I., Sánchez-Delgado, S., & Torres-Carrasco, M. (2021). Carbon footprint and water use of alkali-activated and hybrid cement mortars. Journal of Cleaner Production, 319, 128653.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128653
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage1
dc.identifier.publicationissue128653
dc.identifier.publicationlastpage9
dc.identifier.publicationtitleJournal of Cleaner Productionen
dc.identifier.publicationvolume319
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10016/33825
dc.identifier.uxxiAR/0000028847
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.projectIDComunidad de Madrid. HORATSO-CM-UC3Mes
dc.rights© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España*
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accessen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/*
dc.subject.ecienciaMaterialeses
dc.subject.ecienciaQuímicaes
dc.subject.otherLife cycle assessment (LCA)en
dc.subject.otherAlkali-activated materialsen
dc.subject.otherHybrid mortarsen
dc.titleCarbon footprint and water use of alkali-activated and hybrid cement mortarsen
dc.typeresearch article*
dc.type.hasVersionAM*
dspace.entity.typePublication
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