Publication: Memoria histórica e imperio de la ley: El poder judicial ante el derecho a la reparación de las víctimas del franquismo
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2018-01-01
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Abstract
En los últimos tiempos el proceso de recuperación de la memoria histórica en España se traslada del Parlamento a los tribunales. Tras la Ley 52/2007, conocida como "ley de memoria histórica", víctimas y asociaciones se han dirigido al Poder Judicial para conseguir la satisfacción de sus demandas. Pese a la sentencia de 27 de febrero de 2012 del Tribunal Supremo, donde se estableció la imposibilidad de perseguir penalmente los crímenes del franquismo, existen vías para que los jueces hagan efectivo el derecho a la reparación de las víctimas. Ante la inacción administrativa, los tribunales deben garantizar el imperio de la ley en ámbitos como la exhumación de los restos de los desaparecidos y la retirada de simbología exaltadora de la guerra civil y la dictadura.
After the 52/2007 Act (commonly known as “Historical Memory Act”), victims of Francoist repression go to the Judiciary to have their rights to truth, justice and reparation guaranteed. In a February 2012 Decision, the Supreme Court rejected the possibility to prosecute in Spanish courts the violations of human rights occurred during Franco dictatorship. Despite this Decision, there are legal ways to involve judges in the guarantee of victims’ right to reparation. A right not protected by public policies, as the Historical Memory Act requires. This failure to act obliges judges to guarantee the rule of law on issues related with the right of reparation: the exhumation of victims of enforced disappearances and the removal of symbols exalting the Spanish Civil War and the Franco regime.
After the 52/2007 Act (commonly known as “Historical Memory Act”), victims of Francoist repression go to the Judiciary to have their rights to truth, justice and reparation guaranteed. In a February 2012 Decision, the Supreme Court rejected the possibility to prosecute in Spanish courts the violations of human rights occurred during Franco dictatorship. Despite this Decision, there are legal ways to involve judges in the guarantee of victims’ right to reparation. A right not protected by public policies, as the Historical Memory Act requires. This failure to act obliges judges to guarantee the rule of law on issues related with the right of reparation: the exhumation of victims of enforced disappearances and the removal of symbols exalting the Spanish Civil War and the Franco regime.
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Memoria histórica, Imperio de la ley, Poder judicial, Víctimas del franquismo, Justicia transicional, Historical memory, Rule of Law, Judiciary, Victims of Francoist repression, Transitional justice
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Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, enero 2018, n. 38, pp. 73-105