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Heartbeats Do Not Make Good Pseudo-Random Number Generators: An Analysis of the Randomness of Inter-Pulse Intervals

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dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Informáticaes
dc.affiliation.grupoinvUC3M. Grupo de Investigación: COSEC (Computer SECurity Lab)es
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz Martín, Lara
dc.contributor.authorPicazo Sánchez, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorPeris López, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorEstévez Tapiador, Juan Manuel
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-14T11:38:35Z
dc.date.available2019-02-14T11:38:35Z
dc.date.issued2018-02-01
dc.description.abstractThe proliferation of wearable and implantable medical devices has given rise to an interest in developing security schemes suitable for these systems and the environment in which they operate. One area that has received much attention lately is the use of (human) biological signals as the basis for biometric authentication, identification and the generation of cryptographic keys. The heart signal (e.g., as recorded in an electrocardiogram) has been used by several researchers in the last few years. Specifically, the so-called Inter-Pulse Intervals (IPIs), which is the time between two consecutive heartbeats, have been repeatedly pointed out as a potentially good source of entropy and are at the core of various recent authentication protocols. In this work, we report the results of a large-scale statistical study to determine whether such an assumption is (or not) upheld. For this, we have analyzed 19 public datasets of heart signals from the Physionet repository, spanning electrocardiograms from 1353 subjects sampled at different frequencies and with lengths that vary between a few minutes and several hours. We believe this is the largest dataset on this topic analyzed in the literature. We have then applied a standard battery of randomness tests to the extracted IPIs. Under the algorithms described in this paper and after analyzing these 19 public ECG datasets, our results raise doubts about the use of IPI values as a good source of randomness for cryptographic purposes. This has repercussions both in the security of some of the protocols proposed up to now and also in the design of future IPI-based schemes.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the MINECO Grant TIN2013-46469-R (SPINY: Security and Privacy in the Internet of You); by the CAMGrant S2013/ICE-3095 (CIBERDINE: Cybersecurity, Data and Risks); and by the MINECO Grant TIN2016-79095-C2-2-R (SMOG-DEV: Security Mechanisms for fog computing: advanced security for Devices). This research has been supported by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) under Grant No. 2015-04154 (PolUser: Rich User-Controlled Privacy Policies).en
dc.format.extent21
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationOrtiz-Martin, L., Picazo-Sanchez, P., Peris-Lopez, P., Tapiador, J. (2018). Heartbeats Do Not Make Good Pseudo-Random Number Generators: An Analysis of the Randomness of Inter-Pulse Intervals. Entropy, 20 (2), 94.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/e20020094
dc.identifier.issn1099-4300
dc.identifier.publicationissue2
dc.identifier.publicationtitleEntropyen
dc.identifier.publicationvolume20
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10016/28069
dc.identifier.uxxiAR/0000021185
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.relation.projectIDGobierno de España. TIN2013-46469-R/SPINYes
dc.relation.projectIDGobierno de España. TIN2016-79095-C2-2-Res
dc.relation.projectIDComunidad de Madrid. S2013/ICE-3095/CIBERDINEes
dc.rights© 2018 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.en
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España*
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accessen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/*
dc.subject.ecienciaInformáticaes
dc.subject.otherRandomnessen
dc.subject.otherAuthenticationen
dc.subject.otherPrivacyen
dc.subject.otherImplantable medical devicesen
dc.subject.otherInter-pulse intervalsen
dc.subject.otherBiometricen
dc.titleHeartbeats Do Not Make Good Pseudo-Random Number Generators: An Analysis of the Randomness of Inter-Pulse Intervalsen
dc.typeresearch article*
dc.type.hasVersionVoR*
dspace.entity.typePublication
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