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Tar yield and composition from poultry litter gasification in a fluidised bed reactor: effects of equivalence ratio, temperature and limestone addition

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dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y de Fluidoses
dc.affiliation.grupoinvUC3M. Grupo de Investigación: Ingeniería de Sistemas Energéticoses
dc.contributor.authorHorvat, Alen
dc.contributor.authorPandey, Daya Shankar
dc.contributor.authorKwapinska, Marzena
dc.contributor.authorMello, Barbara B.
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Barea, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorFryda, Lydia E.
dc.contributor.authorRabou, Luc P. L. M.
dc.contributor.authorKwapinski, Witold
dc.contributor.authorLeahy, James J.
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Commissiones
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)es
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-27T10:10:08Z
dc.date.available2023-07-27T10:10:08Z
dc.date.issued2019-04-30
dc.description.abstractAir gasification of poultry litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidised bed gasifier. Gasification tests were conducted at atmospheric pressure using silica sand as the bed material. This paper examines the effect of the equivalence ratio (ER) in the range of 0.18–0.41, temperature between 700 and 800 °C, and the addition of limestone blended with the poultry litter on the yield and composition of tar. An off-line solid phase adsorption method was employed in order to quantify tar compounds heavier than styrene, whereas lighter species such as benzene and toluene were measured by means of on-line micro gas chromatography. Total tar yields were in the range from 15.7 to 30.7 gtotal tar kgpoultry litter (dry and ash free basis)−1. These values are considered low with respect to the feedstocks with a higher organic fraction. It also needs to be noted that the yields of benzene and toluene were measured by on-line micro gas chromatography, a technique which inherently delivers higher tar values compared to commonly employed off-line techniques. By varying the ER, poultry litter blended with limestone showed a reduction in total tar yield whereas poultry litter on its own showed an increasing tar yield over the ER range tested. In the presence of limestone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds, toluene and benzene showed a tendency to reduce over the ER range tested. Since the ER also plays a crucial role in tar reduction, the reduction in tar cannot be unambiguously attributed to calcined limestone/lime (CaCO3/CaO). Increasing the temperature was shown to be effective for reducing the total tar yield but the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. However, no definitive correlation could be established between limestone/lime catalytic activity for tar reduction and elevated gasification temperature, because there was no possibility to study their effects separately. The chemical composition of the tar arising from poultry litter is distinctive compared with conventional lignocellulosic fuels linked to the fact that poultry litter has a higher nitrogen content (≈6.5% w/w (dry and ash free basis)). Nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons such as pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 2-methyl-1H-pyrrole and benzonitrile were identified in significant amounts. This study has demonstrated that poultry litter gasified in a bubbling fluidised bed yielded a product gas with relatively low tar content while its composition reflects the chemical nature of the feedstock.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Financial support for this project provided by the EU project Biomass Research Infrastructure for Sharing Knowledge (BRISK) is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank the Energy Research Centre of Netherlands (ECN) for the technical support and cooperation. Special acknowledgement goes to Ben F. van Egmond for organising access to the analytical laboratories, providing consumables and sharing the knowledge. A. H. is supported by the Earth and Natural Sciences Doctoral Studies Programme which is funded by the Higher Education Authority (HEA) through the Programme for Research at Third Level Institutions, Cycle 5 (PRTLI-5) and is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). D. S. P. acknowledges funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/ 2007-2013/under REA grant agreement no. [289887] and postgraduate research scholarship received from the University of Limerick, Ireland. M. K. is supported by the Enterprise Ireland Competence Centre for Biorening & Biofuels (CC/2009/1305A) and INTERREG IVB NEW REsource Innovation Network for European Waste Project number 317J-RENEW. A. G. B acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project NETuWAS (CTM2016- 78089-R, AEI/FEDER, UE).en
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationHorvat, A., Pandey, D. S., Kwapinska, M., Mello, B. B., Gómez-Barea, A., Fryda, L. E., Rabou, L. P. L. M., Kwapinski, W., & Leahy, J. J. (2019). Tar yield and composition from poultry litter gasification in a fluidised bed reactor: effects of equivalence ratio, temperature and limestone addition. RSC Advances, 9 (23), pp. 13283-13296.es
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02548k
dc.identifier.issn2046-2069
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage13283es
dc.identifier.publicationissue23es
dc.identifier.publicationlastpage13296es
dc.identifier.publicationtitleRSC Advances (RSC Advances)es
dc.identifier.publicationvolume9es
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10016/37994
dc.identifier.uxxiAR/0000026648
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherRoyal Society of Chemistryen
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/289887es
dc.relation.projectIDGobierno de España. CTM2016-78089-Res
dc.rights© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019es
dc.rightsAtribución 3.0 España*
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/*
dc.titleTar yield and composition from poultry litter gasification in a fluidised bed reactor: effects of equivalence ratio, temperature and limestone additionen
dc.typeresearch article*
dc.type.hasVersionVoR*
dspace.entity.typePublication
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